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1 Haus
Haus, I) im allg.: domus (das H. als Wohnort der Familie, bes. ein größeres Stadthaus, der Palast; dann auch meton. = das Hauswesen, ferner = die das Haus bewohnende Familie oder deren Geschlecht u. im allgem. Sinne = die Heimat). – aedes, ium,f. (das Haus als mit mehreren Gemächern versehenes Gebäude). – aedificium (das Haus als Gebäude übh.). – domicilium (das Haus als Wohnsitz jmds.). – insula (ein großes Gebäude, das von andern Gebäuden auf allen Seiten abgesondert ist, gew. zu Mietwohnungen eingerichtet). – tectum (Dach, Dach u. Fach = Haus, wenn dieses den Nbbegr. des bergenden Schutzmittels hat). – domus simulacrum (Nachbildung eines Hauses, wie die Kinder aus Sand, Karten bauen). – testa (das Haus eines Schaltiers, z.B. cochleae). – familia (die Bewohner des Hauses, bes. das Gesinde; dann auch die Familie, von der jmd. stammt). – [1232] genus. gens. stirps (das Geschlecht, aus dem jmd. stammt). – res familiaris (das Hauswesen). – ein kleines H., domuncula; aediculae; casa od. casula (eine Hütte).
zu H. (daheim), domi; intra domum, intra limen (innerhalb des H., innerhalb der Schwelle des Hauses): wo zu Hause? unde domo?: zu H. bei mir, domi meae; in domo mea; domi apud me: zu H. u. im Felde, d.i. im Frieden u. im Kriege, s. Krieg. – außer dem H., foris (auf die Frage wo?); foras (auf die Frage wohin?). – nach H., domum: von H., domo: von H. zu H., H. für H., per domos; ostiatim (von Tür zu Tür). – im H., domi, auch mit den Genetiven meae, tuae, suae, nostrae, vestrae, eius, istius, cuius, alienae (= in meinem, deinem, seinem etc. H.; zu H. bei mir, dir, ihm etc.): im H. Cäsars, in domo Caesaris; doch auch domi Caesaris.
zu H. bleiben, sich zu H. halten, domi manere, remanere (im H., in der Heimat zurückbleiben, wenn die andern ausgehen, ausziehen); domi od. domo se tenere od. se retinere. domi se continere. intra suum limen contineri (sich zu Hause halten, sich an das H. binden); privato od. privatim se tenere. publico carere od. se abstinere. in publicum non prodire (sich nicht od. sehr selten öffentlich zeigen); domi sedere, auch mit dem Zus. desidem (untätig zu Hause verweilen, anstatt in den Krieg zu ziehen etc.); domo non excedere od. non egredi (nicht aus dem Hause gehen): ich bleibe od. ich halte mich wegen etw. zu H., alqd me limine continet (z.B. recens luctus). – aus dem H. gehen, treten, das H. verlassen, domo abire od. exire; ianuā egredi; pedem limine od. domo suā od. aedibus efferre (den Fuß über die Schwelle setzen); in publicum prodire (auf die offene Straße gehen): in vielen Jahren nicht aus dem H. gegangen (gekommen) sein, multis annis limen domus suae non transisse: nach H. gehen, domum ire od. abire od. redire; domum od. in tecta sua discedere (von mehreren): nach H. (in die Heimat) zurückkehren, domum redire; ad larem suumreverti: zu H. sein, domi suae esse: er ist zu H., intus est: er ist nicht zu H., est foris: aus dem H. stoßen, jagen, werfen, alqm exigere od. protrudere foras; alqm exire domo cogere (z.B. mit Waffengewalt, armis); alqm domo expellere od. extrudere od. exigere od. eicere, im Zshg. auch bl. exigere od. eicere (auch = verstoßen). – jmd. nach H. bringen, führen, alqm ducere domum (im allg.); alqm domum deducere (jmd. nach H. geleiten, bes. ehrenhalber). – jmd. mit nach H. nehmen, alqm domum ad se od. bl. alqm domum adducere: etwas mit nach H. nehmen, tragen, alqd auferre domum suam (auch diebischerweise); im Zshg. auch bl. auferre. – wo zu H. sein, in alqo loco sedem ac domicilium habere (eig., seinen Wohnsitz wo haben); in alqo loco habitare (eig., an einem Orte wohnen; übtr. wo wie zu H. sein = beständig sich wo aufhalten, seine bleibende Stätte wo aufgeschlagen haben, z.B. in foro, in rostris, in tribunalibus); in alqa re versatum esse. alcis rei peritum esse (bildl., wohlbewandert [1233] sein in etwas, einer Sache kundig sein): überall zu H. sein (bildl.), nulla in re rudem esse: du mußt in Asien wie zu Hause sein, tibi Asia, sicuti unicuique sua domus, nota esse debet: da ist der. Übermut, da der Luxus zu H., hoc est domicilium superbiae, haec est sedes luxuriae.
H. u. Hof verlassen (um in ein fremdes Land zu ziehen), domum et propinquos relinquere (H. u. Verwandte verlassen); sedes suas relinquere (seinen Wohnsitz verlassen); sedem suam mutare (seinen Wohnsitz verändern); de suis bonis omnibus decedere (von Hab u. Gut gehen): Haus u. Hof verlassen müssen, domum et propinquos od. sedes suas relinquere cogi; de bonis suis omnibus decedere cogi: jmd. von H. u. Hof vertreiben, jagen, verjagen, alqm sedibus ac fortunis eicere; alqm domum et propinquos od. sedes suas relinquere cogere; alqm de bonis suis omnibus decedere cogere; alqm exturbare e possessionibus od. bonis patriis od. fortunis omnibus; expellere alqm possessionibus od. fortunis omnibus: für H. u. Hof kämpfen, de tectis moenibusque dimicare; pro aris et focis pugnare od. dimicare (beide von den Bewohnern einer Stadt, eines Landes etc.).
von H. aus jmdm. eigen, vernaculus (z.B. festivitas): von H. aus reich, in magno patrimonio natus; amplis innutritus opibus: von H. aus arm, in parvo patrimonio natus: von H. aus brav, sehr brav, naturā bonus, optimus: von H. aus od. durch Gewöhnung, naturā aut moribus.
ein (großes) H. machen, laute vivere; elegantiae laetitiaeque famam captare; luxum et magnificentiam ostentare: Haus halten (haushalten), officia domestica curare. officia domus exsequi (die Hausgeschäfte besorgen, von der Hausfrau); res domesticas dispensare (dem Hauswesen vorstehen, vom Hausverwalter etc.); parce od. frugaliter vivere (sparsam leben, mit wenigem H. halten [haushalten]).
das königliche Haus, domus regia: ein anständiges Haus, amplioris fortunae domus: aus gutem H., honesto genere (mit u. ohne natus): Leute aus gutem H., honesti: aus demselben H. (Geschlechte) sein, eiusdem generis od. stirpis esse: mein ganzes H. läßt dich grüßen, domus te nostratota salutat: ich bin der letzte meines H., progenies mea in me deficiet: er war der letzte seines H. (von einem Verstorbenen), ultimus suorum mortuus est; in eo familia eius exstincta est.
II) insbes., Versammlungshaus u. meton. die Versammlung selbst; z.B. bei vollem H., magno consessu: es wird vom ganzen H. jmdm. vielfacher Beifall gezollt, alci a cuncto consessu plausus multiplex datur.
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2 convello
con-vello, vellī u. (selten) vulsī, vulsum, ere, durch Zerren u. Stoßen aus seiner Lage, aus seinen Fugen reißen, deutsch je nach dem Zusammenhange = losreißen, abreißen, heraus-, ausreißen, aufreißen, auseinander-, einreißen, umreißen, niederreißen, zuw. auch = herumzerren, -zausen, zerzerren, zerzausen, I) eig.: 1) im allg.: c. universam caudam equi (Ggstz. caudam paulatim carpere), Val. Max.: claustra ianuae, carceris, Val. Max.: effigiem alcis (clypeo Minervae inclusam), Val. Max.: gradus Castoris, Cic.: nullam partem munitionum convellere posse, Hirt. b. G.: pedem mensae, Ov.: c. repagula, effringere fores, Cic.: c. spolia hostium affixa templis, Val. Max.: alterius (arboris) lentum vimen, Verg. – selten leb. Wesen, convulsi laniatique centuriones, herumgerissenen (nach Nipperdey = vom Boden aufgerissenen), Tac. ann. 1, 32: teneros c. fetus, aus dem Leibe reißen, abortieren, Ov. am. 2, 14, 5. – u. (v. lebl. Subjj.) non hiemes illam (aesculum), non flabra neque imbres convellunt, Verg.: ne torrens fundamenta (villae) convellat, Col.: bildl., c. fundamenta fidei, Leo epist. 47, 2: u. im Passiv, Iuppiter (Jupiterstatue) nullis convellitur procellis, Plin.: vix septem naves convulsae undis Euroque supersunt, aus den Fugen gerissen, leck geworden, Verg.: convulsum remis rostrisque aequor, zerwühlt, Verg. – m. Ang.womit? vectibus infima saxa turris, Caes.: radices sarculo od. aratro, Plin.: glebam vomere, Catull.: auricomos arboris fetus duro ferro (Ggstz. manu carpere), Verg.: dapes avido dente, zerzausen (poet. = verzehren), Ov. – m. Ang. von wo? Herculem ex suis sedibus c. atque auferre, Cic.: simulacrum Cereris e sacrario convellere auferreque, Cic.: u. (im Bilde) alqm ex suis paene hortulis convellere deducereque in Academiam perpauculis passibus, Cic. – viridem ab humo silvam, grünes Gesträuch ausraufen, ausziehen, Verg.: ab terra funem, ablösen, Verg. – suā robora terrā, Ov.: turrim altis sedibus, Verg.: mihi domus ipsa nutare convulsaque suis sedibus ruitura supra videtur, Plin. ep.: Roma prope convulsa sedibus suis, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) als milit. t. t., c. signum, das Feldzeichen (aus dem Boden) herausreißen (als Zeichen des Aufbruchs), Val. Max. 3, 2, 20: gew. c. signa, Cic. de div. 1, 77. Liv. 3, 7, 3; 3, 54, 10 u. ö. (s. Drak. z. d. St.). Val. Max. 1, 6, 6. Suet. Claud. 13, 2: so auch c. vexilla, Tac. ann. 1, 20: c. aquilam, Val. Max. 1, 6, 11. – b) Gliedmaßen aus den Fugen reißen, verrenken, α) durch Fallen usw., verstauchen, artus, Lucr.: armos, Col. – dah. Plur. des Partic. Perf. subst., convulsī, ōrum, m. Verrenkte, Verstauchte, Plin. 25, 98: u. convulsa, ōrum, n., Verrenkungen, Verstauchungen, Plin. 20, 36. – β) auf der Folter, ausrenken, omnia (membra) laniata, omnes partes convulsae sunt, Sen. contr. 2. 13. § 5: convolsis laceratisque membris, ibid. § 6. – c) convelli, Zuckungen-, den Krampf bekommen, v. Gliedmaßen, convulso latere, da er den Krampf in die Seite bekam, Suet.: fauces convulsae (am Krampfe leidende) fractis sunt organis similes, Quint. – d) die Worte im Munde verzerren, verba, Sen. ep. 40, 2.
II) übtr., gleichs. aus seinen Fugen, aus seiner Bahn reißen, in seinen Grundpfeilern, in seinem Bestande erschüttern, untergraben, a) physisch: vires aegri, Cels. 3, 4. p. 79, 6 D.: vires aegri luce, vigiliā, siti ingenti, Cels. 3, 4. p. 78, 33 D. – b) politisch, moralisch, geistig: c. priscae consuetudinis auctoritatem, Val. Max.: cuncta auxilia rei publicae labefactare convellereque, Cic.: c. castrorum decus (Ehre), Tac.: domus eorum convulsa, gestürzt (Ggstz. integra), Tac.: c. gratiam alcis, Hirt. b. G.: testamentum iudicio, Val. Max.: nuntiis et promissis fidem legionum, Tac.: desine molle, precor, verbis convellere pectus, mein fühlendes Herz zu bestürmen, Ov. – v. lebl. Subjj., si eam opinionem ratio convellet, si oratio labefactabit, si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis, Cic.: u. im Passiv, cogitatio penitus insederat; vi tamen tempestatum erat aliquantum labefactata atque convulsa, Cic.: quo iudicio convulsam penitus scimus esse rem publicam, Cic.: novercae insidiis domum omnem convelli, Tac.: eā discordiā nepotes suos convelli, aus der ruhigen Bahn der Eintracht gerissen, Tac.: Tiberius vi dominationis convulsus et mutatus est, aus der Bahn der Tugend gerissen, verdorben, Tac. – m. Ang. von wo? durch de m. Abl., quae (epistulae) me convellerunt de pristino statu, iam tamen, ut ante ad te scripsi, labantem, Cic. – / Perf. gew. convelli, zB. Cic. de domo 54; de legg. 1, 54; aber auch convulsi, Sen. nat. qu. 2, 6, 4. – Partiz. Fut. Akt. auch convolsurus, zB. Cic. Pis. 4 u. Partiz. Perf. Pass. auch convolsus, zB. Cic. Verr. 4, 94. Verg. Aen. 3, 414.
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3 convello
con-vello, vellī u. (selten) vulsī, vulsum, ere, durch Zerren u. Stoßen aus seiner Lage, aus seinen Fugen reißen, deutsch je nach dem Zusammenhange = losreißen, abreißen, heraus-, ausreißen, aufreißen, auseinander-, einreißen, umreißen, niederreißen, zuw. auch = herumzerren, -zausen, zerzerren, zerzausen, I) eig.: 1) im allg.: c. universam caudam equi (Ggstz. caudam paulatim carpere), Val. Max.: claustra ianuae, carceris, Val. Max.: effigiem alcis (clypeo Minervae inclusam), Val. Max.: gradus Castoris, Cic.: nullam partem munitionum convellere posse, Hirt. b. G.: pedem mensae, Ov.: c. repagula, effringere fores, Cic.: c. spolia hostium affixa templis, Val. Max.: alterius (arboris) lentum vimen, Verg. – selten leb. Wesen, convulsi laniatique centuriones, herumgerissenen (nach Nipperdey = vom Boden aufgerissenen), Tac. ann. 1, 32: teneros c. fetus, aus dem Leibe reißen, abortieren, Ov. am. 2, 14, 5. – u. (v. lebl. Subjj.) non hiemes illam (aesculum), non flabra neque imbres convellunt, Verg.: ne torrens fundamenta (villae) convellat, Col.: bildl., c. fundamenta fidei, Leo epist. 47, 2: u. im Passiv, Iuppiter (Jupiterstatue) nullis convellitur procellis, Plin.: vix septem naves convulsae undis Euroque supersunt, aus den Fugen gerissen, leck geworden, Verg.: convulsum remis rostrisque aequor, zerwühlt, Verg. – m. Ang.————womit? vectibus infima saxa turris, Caes.: radices sarculo od. aratro, Plin.: glebam vomere, Catull.: auricomos arboris fetus duro ferro (Ggstz. manu carpere), Verg.: dapes avido dente, zerzausen (poet. = verzehren), Ov. – m. Ang. von wo? Herculem ex suis sedibus c. atque auferre, Cic.: simulacrum Cereris e sacrario convellere auferreque, Cic.: u. (im Bilde) alqm ex suis paene hortulis convellere deducereque in Academiam perpauculis passibus, Cic. – viridem ab humo silvam, grünes Gesträuch ausraufen, ausziehen, Verg.: ab terra funem, ablösen, Verg. – suā robora terrā, Ov.: turrim altis sedibus, Verg.: mihi domus ipsa nutare convulsaque suis sedibus ruitura supra videtur, Plin. ep.: Roma prope convulsa sedibus suis, Cic. – 2) insbes.: a) als milit. t. t., c. signum, das Feldzeichen (aus dem Boden) herausreißen (als Zeichen des Aufbruchs), Val. Max. 3, 2, 20: gew. c. signa, Cic. de div. 1, 77. Liv. 3, 7, 3; 3, 54, 10 u. ö. (s. Drak. z. d. St.). Val. Max. 1, 6, 6. Suet. Claud. 13, 2: so auch c. vexilla, Tac. ann. 1, 20: c. aquilam, Val. Max. 1, 6, 11. – b) Gliedmaßen aus den Fugen reißen, verrenken, α) durch Fallen usw., verstauchen, artus, Lucr.: armos, Col. – dah. Plur. des Partic. Perf. subst., convulsī, ōrum, m. Verrenkte, Verstauchte, Plin. 25, 98: u. convulsa, ōrum, n., Verrenkungen, Verstauchungen, Plin. 20, 36. – β) auf der Folter, ausrenken, omnia (membra) laniata, omnes————partes convulsae sunt, Sen. contr. 2. 13. § 5: convolsis laceratisque membris, ibid. § 6. – c) convelli, Zuckungen-, den Krampf bekommen, v. Gliedmaßen, convulso latere, da er den Krampf in die Seite bekam, Suet.: fauces convulsae (am Krampfe leidende) fractis sunt organis similes, Quint. – d) die Worte im Munde verzerren, verba, Sen. ep. 40, 2.II) übtr., gleichs. aus seinen Fugen, aus seiner Bahn reißen, in seinen Grundpfeilern, in seinem Bestande erschüttern, untergraben, a) physisch: vires aegri, Cels. 3, 4. p. 79, 6 D.: vires aegri luce, vigiliā, siti ingenti, Cels. 3, 4. p. 78, 33 D. – b) politisch, moralisch, geistig: c. priscae consuetudinis auctoritatem, Val. Max.: cuncta auxilia rei publicae labefactare convellereque, Cic.: c. castrorum decus (Ehre), Tac.: domus eorum convulsa, gestürzt (Ggstz. integra), Tac.: c. gratiam alcis, Hirt. b. G.: testamentum iudicio, Val. Max.: nuntiis et promissis fidem legionum, Tac.: desine molle, precor, verbis convellere pectus, mein fühlendes Herz zu bestürmen, Ov. – v. lebl. Subjj., si eam opinionem ratio convellet, si oratio labefactabit, si denique veritas extorquebit, ne repugnetis, Cic.: u. im Passiv, cogitatio penitus insederat; vi tamen tempestatum erat aliquantum labefactata atque convulsa, Cic.: quo iudicio convulsam penitus scimus esse rem publicam, Cic.: novercae insidiis domum omnem convelli, Tac.: eā discordiā nepotes suos con-————velli, aus der ruhigen Bahn der Eintracht gerissen, Tac.: Tiberius vi dominationis convulsus et mutatus est, aus der Bahn der Tugend gerissen, verdorben, Tac. – m. Ang. von wo? durch de m. Abl., quae (epistulae) me convellerunt de pristino statu, iam tamen, ut ante ad te scripsi, labantem, Cic. – ⇒ Perf. gew. convelli, zB. Cic. de domo 54; de legg. 1, 54; aber auch convulsi, Sen. nat. qu. 2, 6, 4. – Partiz. Fut. Akt. auch convolsurus, zB. Cic. Pis. 4 u. Partiz. Perf. Pass. auch convolsus, zB. Cic. Verr. 4, 94. Verg. Aen. 3, 414.Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > convello
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4 contra
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
5 contra dicta
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
6 convello
con-vello, velli (convulsi, Sen. Q. N. 2, 6, 4), vulsum (volsum), 3, v. a.I.To draw violently hither and thither something that is firm or quiet (esp. a tree, house, and the like); hence, to tear up, wrest from its position, to tear loose or away, to separate from, pull or pluck up (freq. and class.).A.Lit.1.In gen.(α).Without designation of place from which, etc.:(β).cum praecides caveto ne librum convellas,
Cato, R. R. 40, 2:saxa turris hostium, quibus fundamenta continebantur,
Caes. B. C. 2, 11; cf. Hirt. B. G. 8, 26 fin.;and, fundamenta,
Lucr. 4, 506:cum gradus Castoris convellisti ac removisti,
Cic. Dom. 21, 54:aesculum,
Verg. G. 2, 294:convellere repagula, effringere valvas,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:limina tectorum,
Verg. A. 2, 507; Luc. 3, 528:artus,
Lucr. 3, 344;so of the rack: omnia (membra) laniata, omnes partes convulsae sunt,
Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 5:convolsis laceratisque membris,
id. ib. § 6; cf.armos,
to wrench, dislocate, Col. 6, 16, 1:teneros fetus,
i. e. to produce abortion, Ov. Am. 2, 14, 5.—With designation of place from or out of which, etc.:(γ).simulacrum Cereris e sacrario convellendum auferendumque curavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187; cf. id. ib. §186: me ex nostris hortulis,
id. Leg. 1, 21, 55:viridem silvam ab humo,
Verg. A. 3, 24:funem ab terrā,
id. G. 1, 457:(turrim) convellimus altis sedibus,
id. A. 2, 464:robora suā terrā,
Ov. M. 7, 204:Roma prope convulsa sedibus suis,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52:domus convulsa sedibus suis,
Plin. Ep. 9, 19, 8:aspera undique nisu,
Val. Fl. 5, 159.—Absol.:2.haeserunt radice pedes. Convellere pugnat,
Ov. M. 9, 351.—Milit. t. t.: signa, to pluck up the standards from the ground, to decamp (rare), Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77; Liv. 22, 3, 12; cf.b.vexilla,
Tac. A. 1, 20.—Medic. t. t.: convulsus ( - volsus), a, um, suffering from wrenching of a limb, Plin. 25, 8, 54, § 98; cf. id. 20, 5, 18, § 36; 20, 17, 69, § 178; or from convulsions, spasmodic, convulsive:B.latus,
Suet. Tib. 72:fauces,
Quint. 11, 3, 20.—Trop., to cause to totter, to shake, to destroy, overthrow, bring to naught (syn.: labefacto, commoveo, commuto, infirmo;II.esp. freq. in Cic.): est boni consulis, cum cuncta auxilia rei publicae labefactari convellique videat, ferre opëm patriae,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 3;so with labefactare: cogitationem,
id. Fam. 5, 13, 2 Manut.; cf. id. Clu. 2, 6:rei publicae statum,
id. Pis. 2, 4:ea quae non possint commoveri,
id. de Or. 2, 51, 205:haec si tenemus, quae mihi quidem non videntur posse convelli,
id. Div. 1, 51, 117:judicia, stipulationes, etc. (with infirmare),
id. Caecin. 18, 51:convellere et commutare instituta omnium,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:acta Dolabellae,
id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:rem publicam judicio aliquo,
id. Brut. 30, 115:gratiam Caesaris,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:vires aegri,
Cels. 3, 4, 14; cf. id. ib. §11: fidem legionum promissis,
Tac. H. 4, 30 fin.:caede Messalinae convulsa principis domus,
id. A. 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 12, 65;4, 40: Tiberius vi dominationis convulsus ( = abalienatus ab honestate) et mutatus,
id. ib. 6, 48:fata,
Ov. H. 16, 41:secutae sunt duae (epistulae), quae me convellerunt de pristino statu, jam tamen labantem,
Cic. Att. 8, 15, 2.—To tear or rend to pieces, to cleave, dismember, shatter, break (perh. first in the poets of the Aug. per.).A.Lit.:B.dapes avido dente,
Ov. M. 11, 123: glaebam vomere, * Cat. 64, 40:dehiscit Convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor,
Verg. A. 5, 143; 8, 690:loca vi quondam et vastā convolsa ruinā,
id. ib. 3, 414:septem (naves) convolsae undis Euroque supersunt,
shattered, id. ib. 1, 383; cf. Luc. 3, 528:convulsi laniatique centuriones,
Tac. A. 1, 32:domum,
id. ib. 6, 40.—Trop.1.Of words, to mutilate, mispronounce:2.magno cursu verba convellere,
Sen. Ep. 40, 2.—To afflict, torture:verbis convellere pectus,
Ov. H. 17, 111. -
7 convolsus
con-vello, velli (convulsi, Sen. Q. N. 2, 6, 4), vulsum (volsum), 3, v. a.I.To draw violently hither and thither something that is firm or quiet (esp. a tree, house, and the like); hence, to tear up, wrest from its position, to tear loose or away, to separate from, pull or pluck up (freq. and class.).A.Lit.1.In gen.(α).Without designation of place from which, etc.:(β).cum praecides caveto ne librum convellas,
Cato, R. R. 40, 2:saxa turris hostium, quibus fundamenta continebantur,
Caes. B. C. 2, 11; cf. Hirt. B. G. 8, 26 fin.;and, fundamenta,
Lucr. 4, 506:cum gradus Castoris convellisti ac removisti,
Cic. Dom. 21, 54:aesculum,
Verg. G. 2, 294:convellere repagula, effringere valvas,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:limina tectorum,
Verg. A. 2, 507; Luc. 3, 528:artus,
Lucr. 3, 344;so of the rack: omnia (membra) laniata, omnes partes convulsae sunt,
Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 5:convolsis laceratisque membris,
id. ib. § 6; cf.armos,
to wrench, dislocate, Col. 6, 16, 1:teneros fetus,
i. e. to produce abortion, Ov. Am. 2, 14, 5.—With designation of place from or out of which, etc.:(γ).simulacrum Cereris e sacrario convellendum auferendumque curavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187; cf. id. ib. §186: me ex nostris hortulis,
id. Leg. 1, 21, 55:viridem silvam ab humo,
Verg. A. 3, 24:funem ab terrā,
id. G. 1, 457:(turrim) convellimus altis sedibus,
id. A. 2, 464:robora suā terrā,
Ov. M. 7, 204:Roma prope convulsa sedibus suis,
Cic. Pis. 22, 52:domus convulsa sedibus suis,
Plin. Ep. 9, 19, 8:aspera undique nisu,
Val. Fl. 5, 159.—Absol.:2.haeserunt radice pedes. Convellere pugnat,
Ov. M. 9, 351.—Milit. t. t.: signa, to pluck up the standards from the ground, to decamp (rare), Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77; Liv. 22, 3, 12; cf.b.vexilla,
Tac. A. 1, 20.—Medic. t. t.: convulsus ( - volsus), a, um, suffering from wrenching of a limb, Plin. 25, 8, 54, § 98; cf. id. 20, 5, 18, § 36; 20, 17, 69, § 178; or from convulsions, spasmodic, convulsive:B.latus,
Suet. Tib. 72:fauces,
Quint. 11, 3, 20.—Trop., to cause to totter, to shake, to destroy, overthrow, bring to naught (syn.: labefacto, commoveo, commuto, infirmo;II.esp. freq. in Cic.): est boni consulis, cum cuncta auxilia rei publicae labefactari convellique videat, ferre opëm patriae,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 3;so with labefactare: cogitationem,
id. Fam. 5, 13, 2 Manut.; cf. id. Clu. 2, 6:rei publicae statum,
id. Pis. 2, 4:ea quae non possint commoveri,
id. de Or. 2, 51, 205:haec si tenemus, quae mihi quidem non videntur posse convelli,
id. Div. 1, 51, 117:judicia, stipulationes, etc. (with infirmare),
id. Caecin. 18, 51:convellere et commutare instituta omnium,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:acta Dolabellae,
id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:rem publicam judicio aliquo,
id. Brut. 30, 115:gratiam Caesaris,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:vires aegri,
Cels. 3, 4, 14; cf. id. ib. §11: fidem legionum promissis,
Tac. H. 4, 30 fin.:caede Messalinae convulsa principis domus,
id. A. 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 12, 65;4, 40: Tiberius vi dominationis convulsus ( = abalienatus ab honestate) et mutatus,
id. ib. 6, 48:fata,
Ov. H. 16, 41:secutae sunt duae (epistulae), quae me convellerunt de pristino statu, jam tamen labantem,
Cic. Att. 8, 15, 2.—To tear or rend to pieces, to cleave, dismember, shatter, break (perh. first in the poets of the Aug. per.).A.Lit.:B.dapes avido dente,
Ov. M. 11, 123: glaebam vomere, * Cat. 64, 40:dehiscit Convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor,
Verg. A. 5, 143; 8, 690:loca vi quondam et vastā convolsa ruinā,
id. ib. 3, 414:septem (naves) convolsae undis Euroque supersunt,
shattered, id. ib. 1, 383; cf. Luc. 3, 528:convulsi laniatique centuriones,
Tac. A. 1, 32:domum,
id. ib. 6, 40.—Trop.1.Of words, to mutilate, mispronounce:2.magno cursu verba convellere,
Sen. Ep. 40, 2.—To afflict, torture:verbis convellere pectus,
Ov. H. 17, 111. -
8 subverto
sub-verto ( - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn upside down; to upset, overturn, overthrow (not in Cic. or Cæs.).I.Lit.:II.lupinum aratro,
Col. 11, 2, 44:mensam,
Suet. Ner. 47:statuas,
id. Calig. 34:tantas operum moles,
Ov. F. 6, 645:silvam,
Luc. 3, 436:subversi montes,
Sall. C. 13, 1:Arisbe terrarum motu subversa,
Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 139:Silvani simulacrum,
id. 15, 18, 20, § 77:obices portarum,
Tac. A. 13, 39. — Absol., Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 17:calceus olim Si pede major erit, subvertet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 43. —Trop., to overthrow, ruin, destroy, subvert:subversa jacebat Pristina majestas soliorum,
overthrown, subverted, Lucr. 5, 1136:subversa Crassorum et Orphiti domus,
Tac. H. 4, 42:florentes privignos per occultum,
Tac. A. 4, 71 fin.:aliquem,
to ruin, undo, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 51:avaritia fidem, probitatem ceterasque artes bonas subvertit,
Sall. C. 10, 4:leges ac libertatem,
id. H. 1, 48, 10 Dietsch:imperium,
id. ib. 1, 48, 8:ad ea quae majores pepererunt, subvortunda,
id. ib. 1, 41, 3:decretum consulis,
id. J. 30, 1:leges,
Tac. A. 2, 36:jura,
id. ib. 4, 30:scriptam legem,
Quint. 7, 7, 6:omnia praejudicia,
id. 5, 11, 13:interpretationem adversarii (opp. confirmare),
id. 7, 6, 2:artem orandi,
id. 9, 4, 3:testamentum,
Val. Max. 7, 8, 1:antiquiora beneficia,
Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 6:omnis domus delatorum interpretationibus,
Tac. A. 3, 25:opes,
Luc. 8, 273:quaesitum imperium brevis momenti culpā,
Just. 6, 3, 8:patriae mores,
id. 12, 5, 2. -
9 subvorto
sub-verto ( - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn upside down; to upset, overturn, overthrow (not in Cic. or Cæs.).I.Lit.:II.lupinum aratro,
Col. 11, 2, 44:mensam,
Suet. Ner. 47:statuas,
id. Calig. 34:tantas operum moles,
Ov. F. 6, 645:silvam,
Luc. 3, 436:subversi montes,
Sall. C. 13, 1:Arisbe terrarum motu subversa,
Plin. 5, 31, 39, § 139:Silvani simulacrum,
id. 15, 18, 20, § 77:obices portarum,
Tac. A. 13, 39. — Absol., Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 17:calceus olim Si pede major erit, subvertet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 43. —Trop., to overthrow, ruin, destroy, subvert:subversa jacebat Pristina majestas soliorum,
overthrown, subverted, Lucr. 5, 1136:subversa Crassorum et Orphiti domus,
Tac. H. 4, 42:florentes privignos per occultum,
Tac. A. 4, 71 fin.:aliquem,
to ruin, undo, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 51:avaritia fidem, probitatem ceterasque artes bonas subvertit,
Sall. C. 10, 4:leges ac libertatem,
id. H. 1, 48, 10 Dietsch:imperium,
id. ib. 1, 48, 8:ad ea quae majores pepererunt, subvortunda,
id. ib. 1, 41, 3:decretum consulis,
id. J. 30, 1:leges,
Tac. A. 2, 36:jura,
id. ib. 4, 30:scriptam legem,
Quint. 7, 7, 6:omnia praejudicia,
id. 5, 11, 13:interpretationem adversarii (opp. confirmare),
id. 7, 6, 2:artem orandi,
id. 9, 4, 3:testamentum,
Val. Max. 7, 8, 1:antiquiora beneficia,
Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 6:omnis domus delatorum interpretationibus,
Tac. A. 3, 25:opes,
Luc. 8, 273:quaesitum imperium brevis momenti culpā,
Just. 6, 3, 8:patriae mores,
id. 12, 5, 2. -
10 colloco
col-loco, āvī, ātum, āre (con u. loco), einem Ggstde. seinen Platz geben, seinen Platz anweisen, I) im allg., wo Platz nehmen lassen, wo ausstellen, niederstellen, niedersetzen, niederlegen, wo hinstellen, hinsetzen, hinlegen, im Zshg. auch bl. stellen, jetzen, legen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: α) lebl. Objj.: saxa atque materiam disponere collocareque, Quint. 7. praef. § 1: armamenta, an den Mastbaum hängen, Liv. 33, 48, 8: sidera (am Himmel), Cic. Tim. 30: lecticas, Cic. Phil. 5, 18. – m. dopp. Acc., eam materiam conversam ad hostem collocabat, Caes. b. G. 3, 29, 1. – m. Advv. wie? columnas neque recte neque e regione, Cic. ad Q. fr. 3, 1, 1. § 2: tabulas et signa propalam, Cic. de or. 1, 160: sellam curulem perverse, Suet. Galb. 18, 3. – m. Advv. wo? ubi tigna collocentur, Caes. b. c. 2, 10, 3. – m. in u. Akk.: in tabernam vasa et servos, Plaut. Men. 986. – m. in u. Abl., suo quidque in loco, Cic. de or. 1, 162: magni ponderis saxa et praeacutas trabes in muro, Caes. b. G. 2, 29, 3: trabes directas in solo, ibid. 7, 23, 1: tabulas bene pictas in bono lumine, Cic. Brut. 261: u. (im Bilde) benefacta in luce, nicht unter den Scheffel stellen, Cic. Tusc. 2, 64: alqd in conspectu quodam modo, Quint. 7, 1, 4. – m. a. Praepp., alqd ad ignem, Vitr. 1, 6, 2: onerarias naves ordine duplice ad ancoras, Suet. Cal. 19, 1: simulacrum Victoriae ante ipsam Minervam, Caes. b. c. 3, 105, 2: fasces stramentorum ac virgultorum ante aciem, Hirt. b. G. 8, 15, 5: epistulam inter tuniculam ac strofium, Turpil. com. 197: lecticam pro tribunali, Suet. Aug. 33, 1: alqd iuxta sedentem hominem, Cels. 6, 9: super genua sua coxas alcis, Cels. 7, 26. no. 2: totas tunicas extra scrotum, Cels. 7, 21. no. 2: testiculum super ventrem cum duabus suis tunicis, Cels. 7, 19. – m. bl. Abl., oculos pennis, auf das Gefieder fetzen, Ov. met. 1, 723: similes notas quinto quoque loco, Cornif. rhet. 3, 31. – β) leb. Objj., sowohl aufstellen, eos (sie = ihre Statuen) in illo loco atque in rostris, Cic. Sest. 83. – als setzen, stellen, legen, sich setzen (legen, lagern) lassen, sitzen (liegen) lassen, puellulam, Catull. 61, 188: iubeo hominem tolli et conlocari et confoveri, Afran. com. 143 sq. – m. dopp. Acc., alqm aut pronum aut supinum, Cels. 8, 20. § 20. – m. in u. Akk. od. Abl., se in arborem, Plaut. aul. 706: alqm in ventrem, in latus, Cels. 7, 27; 8, 20: se in locum celsum, Acc. tr. 437: se in sedes regias, Liv. Andr. tr. 10: alqm in lectum, Ter. eun. 593 (gegen cod. B mit den übrigen Hdschrn.): alqm in lecto, Cels. 5, 26. no. 25: alqm in lecto suo, Cic. de rep. 1, 17: alqm in medio lecto, in imo lecto, Sen. de const. sap. 10, 2: alqm in conclavi, Cels. 7, 29: alqm in cubili, Cic. Tusc. 2, 39: hominem od. corpus in sedili, Cels. 8, 12 u. 15: alqm in loco tepido, Cels. 8, 4: alqm suis manibus in curru, Cic. Rosc. Am. 98: cuius et parentis sui manibus in navi tuta ac fideli collocatus (gebracht), Cic. Planc. 97: corpus (Augusti) in vestibulo domus, niedersetzen (ausstellen), Suet. Aug. 100, 2: u. so reliquias eius in hortis Domitiae, Capit. Anton. Pius 5, 1. – m. a. Praepp., alqm super se, Suet. Aug. 43, 4: alqm super pulpitum, Suet. Cal. 54, 2: alqm infra se, Suet. Cal. 24, 1: alqm iuxta se latere dextro, Suet. Ner. 13, 2: alqm iuxta se in sella, Eutr. 4, 7: alqos circa se, Suet. Tit. 9, 2: u. (zugl. m. dopp. Acc.) alqm resupinum super subsellium aut lectum, Cels. 7, 26: alqm super id scamnum aut pronum aut supinum aut in latus, Cels. 8, 20. – m. bl. Abl. wo? hominem loco calido, Cels. 5, 27. no. 3: homo collocatur alto sedili, medicus autem humiliore adversus, Cels. 8, 10, 2. – m. Abl. wie? corpus alio quo modo collocatum est, Cels. 7, 18: tum is super duorum genua eodem modo collocatur, Cels. 7, 26. no. 2: collocari quoque membrum quod ictum est ratione certā debet, Cels. 5, 26. no. 28. – b) als milit. t. t., aufstellen, α) lebl. Objj.: impedimenta, Liv. 44, 37, 1: currus ita, ut etc., Caes. b. G. 4, 33, 2: impedimenta in tumulo quodam, Caes. b. G. 6, 8, 3: post eas (legiones) totius exercitus impedimenta, Caes. b. G. 2, 19, 3: naves Rhodias in dextro cornu, Auct. b. Alex. 14, 1: tormenta quibusdam locis contra facillimos descensus, aufpflanzen, Hirt. b. G. 8, 40, 4: u. so ballistas scorpionesque ante frontem castrorum contra oppidum, Auct. b. Afr. 56, 2. – β) leb. Objj.: certa subsidia, Caes. b. G. 2, 22, 1: praesidia, Sall. Cat. 45, 2: aciem triplicem, Auct. b. Afr. 81, 1. – m. in u. Abl., praesidia in litore, Nep. Hann. 11, 4, od. in angustiis, Caes. b. c. 1, 65, 4: duas legiones et omnia auxilia in summo iugo, Caes. b. G. 1, 24, 2: equitem in utroque cornu, Frontin. 2, 3, 20: milites in muro custodiae causā, Caes. b. c. 1, 28, 3: insidias bipertito in silvis, Caes. b. G. 5, 32, 1: pedestres copias in convalle in insidiis, Caes. b. G. 3, 20, 4: in cella Concordiae armatos, latrones, sicarios, Cic. Phil. 5, 18. – m. a. Praepp., equitatum omnem ab lateribus extra fossam, Auct. b. Alex. 38, 3: alci insidias ante fundum suum, Cic. Mil. 27: in prima acie ante signa elephantos, Liv. 27, 48, 5: certos apud latera, Sall. hist. fr. inc. 53 (19): legionem in occulto citra flumen, Frontin. 1, 6, 2: copias in statione pro castris, Caes. b. G. 5, 15, 3: pro vallo legiones instructas, Hirt. b. G. 8, 15, 3: post terga peditum equitatum, Frontin. 2, 5, 37: legiones propius Armeniam, Tac. ann. 13, 7. – m. bl. Abl., eos eodem loco in acie (in Schl.), Caes. b. c. 2, 33, 4: armatos in praesidiis (auf milit. Posten) multis locis (an v. O.), Cic. Phil. 1, 25: certis locis cum ferro homines, Cic. Caecin. 41: quod quo loco collocati fuerant, non potuissent videre, Cic. Cael. 65. – m. Ang. gegen wen? cohortes legionarias quattuor advorsum pedites hostium, Sall. Iug. 51, 3. – m. Ang. wozu? alqm ad hanc rem, Cic. Cael. 64: alqm ad Cn. Pompeium interimendum, Cic. Pis. 28; vgl. Cic. Mil. 18.
2) übtr.: a) übh. wohin stellen, setzen, legen, multa in pectore suo conlocare oportet, er muß viele Dinge im Kopfe haben, Plaut. Pers. 8: vide, causam illorum superiore collocarit ne loco, Lucil. sat. 16, 97: res eae, quae agentur aut dicentur, suo loco collocandae, Cic. de off. 1, 142: in animis ego vestris omnes triumphos meos, omnia ornamenta honoris condi et collocari volo, wünsche ich treu bewahrt zu wissen, Cic. Cat. 3, 26: omnium longitudinum et brevitatum in sonis sicut acutarum graviumque vocum iudicium ipsa natura in auribus nostris collocavit, Cic. or. 173. – b) in einen Zustand, Verhältnis, in eine Lage bringen, versetzen, se in opus, Plaut. Vid. fr. 2, 20 St.: in otium, Plaut. merc. 553: alqm in soporem (in den Todesschlaf), Plaut. Amph. 304: rem alcis in tuto, sicher stellen, Ter. heaut. 689 u. 695: famam in tuto, Quint. 12, 11, 7: alqm in tuto, Cic. har. resp. 53. – c) etw. in etw. od. jmd. setzen, auf etw. od. jmd. bauen, beruhen lassen, non modo in causa, verum in aliquo honesto praesidio aut in alicuius eloquentia aut gratia spem aliquam, Cic. I. Verr. 9: in alqo magnam spem dignitatis suae, Cic. de or. 1, 25: spem salutis in fuga, Auct. b. Alex. 29, 5: omnes bene vivendi rationes in virtute, Cornif. rhet. 4, 24: omnia sunt collocata in usu cotidiano, in congressione hominum atque in foro, alles beruht auf usw., Cic. de or. 1, 192. – d) eine Zeit od. eine Tätigkeit auf etwas verwenden, gerichtet sein lassen, adulescentiam suam in amore atque in voluptatibus, Cic. Cael. 39: omne suum studium in doctrina et sapientia, Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 1, 10. § 29. – refl. se coll. in alqa re, sich auf etw. legen, einer Sache sich hingeben, totum se coll. in alqa re, sich in etw. vertiefen, palam sese in meretricia vita, Cic. Cael. 49: totum se in cognitione et scientia, Cic. de off. 1, 158: totum se in optimo vitae statu exquirendo, Cic. Tusc. 5, 2. – e) schriftl. anbringen, beibringen, de cuius moderatione atque sapientia in prioribus libris satis collocavi, Tac. ann. 6, 27.
II) insbes.: 1) eig.: a) lebl. Objj.: α) in einer gewissen Ordnung aufstellen, aufrichten, errichten, anlegen, aufschlagen, statuam, Quint. 7. pr. § 2: signum (lovis), Cic. Cat. 3, 21: tu (Libertam deam) domi meae conlocasti, Cic. de domo 102: aedificia, Hermog. dig. 1, 1, 5: moenia, Vitr. 1, 5, 1: sedes ac domicilium, Cic. Verr. 2, 6. – m. Adv. (wo?), illa pars litoris, ubi iste castra luxuriae collocarat, Cic. Verr. 5, 96. – m. in u. Abl., tabernaculum sibi in campo Martio, Cic. Pis. 61: in ipso aditu atque ore portus tabernacula carbaseis velis intenta, Cic. Verr. 5, 30 u. (im Bilde) in una philosophia quasi tabernaculum vitae suae, Cic. de or. 3, 77. – m. a. Praepp., oppidum ad eius regionem et partem castrorum collocatum (gelegen), Auct. b. Afr. 68, 1: tribunal suum iuxta C. Trebonii, praetoris urbani, sellam, Caes. b. c. 3, 20, 1. – m. bl. Abl., castella locis idoneis, Auct. b. Alex. 61, 5. – β) eine Kleidung zurechtlegen, ordnen, chlamydem, ut pendeat apte, Ov. met. 2, 734. – γ) ein Glied einrichten, coxam parum apte, Plin. ep. 2, 1, 5: maxillam in sedem suam, Cels. 8, 7. – b) leb. Wesen: α) eine Pers. irgendwo einsetzen, einlegen, unterbringen, einquartieren, ihren Sitz (Wohnsitz) nehmen lassen od. anweisen, ansiedeln, wohin verlegen, versetzen, stationieren, comites eius apud ceteros hospites, Cic. II. Verr. 1, 63: se Athenis, sich niederlassen, Cic. de fin. 5, 2, 4: regem Ptolemaide aut aliquo propinquo loco, Cic. ep. 1, 7, 4: in eius tetrarchia unum ex Graecis comitibus suis, Cic. Phil. 2, 94: Herculem in concilio caelestium, Cic. de off. 3, 5, 25: alqm inter astra, Schol. Bern. ad Verg. georg. 1, 33. p. 848: inter sidera, Hyg. astr. 2, 4 u. 2, 13. Serv. Verg. Aen. 1, 28: inter astra caprae figurā memoriae causā, Hyg. astr. 2, 13: scherzh., strumae ab ore improbo demigrarunt et aliis iam se locis collocarunt (haben sich einlogiert, festgesetzt), Cic. Vat. 39. – Boios ibi, Caes. b. G. 7, 9, 6: Boios in finibus suis, Caes. b. G. 1, 28, 5: gentem Allobrogum in vestigiis huius urbis atque in cinere deflagrati imperii, Cic. Cat. 4, 12: Suebos in proximis Rheno agris, Suet. Aug. 21: colonias idoneis in locis, Cic. agr. 2, 73: multitudinem in agris, Nep. Milt. 2, 1: Ubios super ipsam Rheni ripam, Tac. Germ. 28 extr.: quo bello XL captivorum milia ex Germania transtulit et supra Rhenum in Gallia collocavit, Eutr. 7, 9: veteranos municipalibus agris, Suet. Aug. 13, 3: im Bilde, Socrates philosophiam devocavit e caelo et in urbibus collocavit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10. – als milit. t. t., wo stationieren, hinlegen, einquartieren, Quartier nehmen lassen, ibi praesidium, Caes. b. G. 1, 38, 7: ibi legiones XIV et VI, Hirt. b. G. 8, 4, 3: exercitum in provinciam, quae proxima est Numidiae hiemandi causā, Sall. Iug. 61, 2: quattuor legiones in Belgio, Hirt. b. G. 8, 46, 4: exercitum in hibernis, Caes. b. G. 5, 24, 1: exercitum in (bei) Aulercis Lexoviisque in hibernis, Caes. b. G. 3, 29, 3: legionem non longe a finibus Aeduorum in finibus Biturigum, Hirt. b. G. 8, 2, 1: Gaium Fabium legatum et L. Minucium Basilum cum legionibus duabus in Remis, Caes. b. G. 7, 70, 5: singulas cohortes Puteolis et Ostiae, Suet. Claud. 25, 2: classem Miseni, Suet. Aug. 49, 1. – β) jmd. in ein Besitztum einsetzen, einweisen, alqm in aedibus suis, Cic. de dom. 100: alqm in patrimonio suo, Cic. Phil. 13, 12: familiam suam in possessione praediorum eius, seine F. von ihren Gütern Besitz ergreifen lassen, Cic. Flacc. 72: alqm in maiorum suorum regno, Cic. de or. 3, 126. – 2) übtr.: a) in irgend eine Stellung einsetzen, setzen, unter eine Klasse u. dgl. versetzen, alqm in amplissimo statu, Cornif. rhet. 4, 23: alqm hoc in gradu (dignitatis), Cic. Acad. 2, 16: alqm in amplissimo consilio et in altissimo gradu dignitatis, Cic. post red. in sen. 2: alqm in sede ac domo atque in re publica, jmdm. Haus u. Hof u. eine Stellung im Staate geben, Cic. parad. 3, 25: in quibus tuas virtutes consecratas et in deorum numero collocatas vides, in denen du deine Verdienste ganz vergöttert siehst, Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 1, 10. § 31: m. dopp. Acc., quos centuriones pugnaces et lacer tosos (als streitsüchtige u. handfeste Z.) inter militorum et mimarum greges collocavit, Cic. Phil. 8, 26. – b) ein Mädchen als Frau, in den Ehestand einsetzen, anbringen, verheiraten, alqam in matrimonium, Cic. de div. 1, 104. Marc. dig. 23, 2, 19: alqam alci in matrimonium, Gaius inst. 2. § 235 u. 238: alqam in matrimonio, Scaevol. dig. 26, 1, 77 (79). § 1: alqam in matrimonio stabili et certo, Cic. Phil. 2, 44: virgines in amplissimarum familiarum matrimoniis, Cic. de rep. 1, 12: alqam nuptui, Hyg. fab. 257: alqam in dignam se condicionem, Plaut. trin. 159: alqam sine dote nuptum, Plaut. trin. 735: alqam nuptum intra legitimum tempus, Ulp. dig. 3, 2, 11. § 1: alqam alci nuptum, Paul. dig. 23, 2, 59: sororem ex matre et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates, Caes. b. G. 1, 18, 7: filiam minorem nuptum (al. nuptui) in dimidia parte reliqui agri, Col. 4, 3, 6: u. bl. coll. alcis filio filiam suam, Cic. Brut. 98: alci virginem filiam, Nep. Att. 19, 4: alci filiam, Tac. Agr. 9: alci uxorem suam, Suet. Caes. 21: matrem in Biturigibus homini nobilissimo, Caes. b. G. 1, 18, 6: u. bl. coll. filiam, Tac. ann. 4, 39. Iustin. 9, 6, 2; u. im Passiv, cum virgo amici nubilis propter paupertatem collocari non posset, Nep. Epam. 3, 5: ut filiae eius de communi aerario dotibus datis collocarentur, Nep. Arist. 3, 3. – c) lebl. Objj.: α) ( als t. t., der Geschäftsspr.) Geld usw. auf etw. (bes. auf Ländereien) anlegen, anbringen, unterbringen, in etw. stecken, dotem in eo fundo, Cic. Caecin. 11: duas patrimonii partes in solo, Suet. Tib. 48, 1: duas fenoris partes in agris per Italiam, Tac. ann. 6, 17: pecuniam in praediis c., Cic. Caecin. 16: pecunias levioribus usuris mutuatum graviore fenore c., Suet. Aug. 39: pecunias suas in emptiones praediorum, Gaius dig. 17, 1, 2. § 6: pecuniam idoneis nominibus, Marc. dig. 35, 2, 89: pecunias magnas collocatas habere in ea provincia (in dieser Pr.), Cic. de imp. Pomp. 18: nusquam posse eam (pecuniam) melius collocari, Cic. Caecin. 5, 15: u. bl. coll. pecuniam, Cic. de off. 2, 87: pecunias, Cic. de off. 2, 12, 42: pecunias publicas, Trai. in Plin. ep. 10, 55 (63). – dah. im weitern Sinne übh. auf etw. anlegen, verwenden, für etw. verbrauchen, miliens sestertium in munificentia (zu freigebigen Zwecken), Tac. ann. 6, 45: patrimonium in rei publicae salute, Cic. Phil. 3, 2, 3: bene apud alqm tam multa pretia ac munera, Cic. Verr. 5, 56: melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, Cic. de off. 2, 70: male c. bonas horas, Mart. 1, 113, 3: in me recipio, te ea, quae fecisti Mescinii causā quaeque feceris, ita bene collocaturum, ut ipse iudices etc., Cic. ep. 13, 28, 3: aedilitas recte collocata, an den rechten Mann gebracht, Cic. Verr. 5, 37. – β) in die gehörige Stellung, Verbindung bringen, so u. so stellen, zusammenstellen, verbinden, anordnen, αα) als rhet. t. t. Worte, verba apte, Quint. 8. prooem. § 26: verba opportune proprieque aut secus, Quint. 10, 2, 13: fortius vero quî incompositum potest esse quam vinctum et bene collocatum? Quint. 9, 4, 6: male collocatum κακοσύνθετον vocant, Quint. 8, 3, 59: propria verba et ordine collocata, Quint. 9, 1, 7: verba diligenter collocata, Cic. or. 227: non modo ut sint ordine collocati (census), sed ut inter se iuncti etc., Quint. 7, 10, 16: est et in nominibus ex diverso collocatis sua gratia, Quint. 9, 3, 86: verba et eligendi et collocandi ratio, Quint. 10, 1, 4: ratio collocandi, Cic. part. or. 11: varii sunt ordines collocandi, Cic. part. or. 12: C. F. Quid sequitur igitur? CP. Cum inveneris, collocare, Cic. part. or. 9: verba collocata, die Worte in ihrer Verbindung zu Sätzen (Ggstz. verba singula), Cic. or. 81 u. 134. – ββ) bürgerl. u. polit. Zustände einrich ten, anordnen, Anordnungen treffen für usw., nuptias, Poëta com. bei Cic. de or. 3, 319: res, Caes. b. G. 3, 4, 1. Auct. b. Alex. 33, 6: rem militarem, Cic. ep. 2, 13, 3: civitatis statum, Cic. ep. ad Brut. 1, 15, 12.
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11 dignus
dignus, a, um, Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl. (für *dic-nus zu dico), durch seine Eigenschaften einer Sache od. Person würdig, wert, griech. ἄξιος, I) = etw. verdienend, zu etw. befähigt, befugt, berechtigt, v. Pers.u. Lebl., konstr.: α) m. Abl.: laude, Hor. u. Cic.: maioribus suis d., dignissimus, Cic.: dignus es verberibus multis, Plaut.: o hominem mille mortibus dignum! Sen. – v. Lebl., dignitas honesta et cultu et honore et verecundiā digna, Cic.: dignum memoriā, Cic. u.a.: dignum piaculo, Liv. – β) m. Genet.: salutis, Plaut. trin. 1153. – v. Lebl., quidquid putabit dignum esse memoriae, Phaedr. 4, 21 (23), 3 vulg. (L. Müller u.a. memoriā): haec de Gordiano iuniore digna memoratus comperimus, Capit. Gord. 21, 3 P. (Jordan memoratu): omnium reprehensionis dignissimus iudicarer, Sulp. Sev. vit. S. Mart. praef. § 1: Martinum episcopatus esse dignissimum, ibid. 9, 3. – γ) m. Dat.: dignus tibi, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 9080: haec sunt, quae digna memoratui aestimavimus, Vopisc. Prob. 24, 6. – δ) m. 2. Supin.: flumina memoratu digna, Plin.: dicta memoratu digna, Val. Max.: res dignae memoratu, Val. Max.: nihil dignum memoratu actum, Liv.: digna atque indigna relatu vociferans, Verg.: nihil usquam dictu dignum ausi, Liv.: alia digna miratu, Sen.: alia neque dictu neque auditu digna sunt, Gell.: nobis pleraque digna cognitu obvenere, Tac. – ε) m. Acc. pronom. neutr.: non me censes scire quid dignus siem, Plaut.: di tibi omnes id, quod es dignus, duint, Ter.: si exoptem quantum dignus, tantum dent (di tibi), Plaut. – ζ) m. folg. Relativsatz: qui modeste paret, videtur qui aliquando imperet dignus esse, Cic.: nec vos digni estis, quos cum tanta gloria in castra reduces silentium ac nox tegat, Liv.: uti videant et investigent, ecqua virgo sit aut mulier digna, quamobrem ipse Lampsaci diutius commoraretur, Cic. – v. Lebl., Livianae fabulae non satis dignae sunt, quae iterum legantur, Cic.: magnum onus, sed dignum, in quo omnes nervos aetatis atque industriae contendas, Cic.: dignum est, quod observes, Sen.: dafür auch digna res est, ubi (= in qua) tu nervos intendas tuos, Ter. – η) m. folg. ut u. Konj.: non sum dignus prae te, ut figam palum in parietem, Plaut. mil. 1140: ut coniunx essem tua, digna videbar, Ov. rem. am. 275: si modo, quos ut socios haberes, dignos duxisti, haud indignos iudicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis, Liv. 23, 42, 13: eras dignus, ut haberes integram manum, Quint. 8, 5, 12 (u. so m. ut auch Quint. 12, 11, 24). – v. Lebl., digna res visa est, ut simulacrum... pingi iuberet, Liv. 24, 16, 19. – θ) m. folg. Infin. (s. Frotscher Quint. 10, 1, 96. p. 87 u. 267): puer cantari dignus, Verg.: dignus alter eligi, alter eligere, Plin. pan.: sed non domus una digna perire fuit, Ov.: ut verbis illum, quibus laudari dignus est, laudem, Sen.: Horatius fere solus legi dignus, Quint.: quae digna legi sint, Hor.: res quasi in quaestionem venire non dignae, Iul. Rufinian. – ι) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin.: dignos esse, qui armis cepissent, eorum urbem agrumque Bolanum esse, Liv. 4, 49, 11 (s. Weißenb. z. St.) – κ) m. ad u. Akk.: amicus, dignus huic ad imitandum, Cic. de rep. 1, 30: quos dignos ad id esse videbat, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 3, 5. – v. Lebl., nihil dignum ad memoriam nominis reliquisset, Dict. 1, 1: quae dignior hora ad scelus indignum? Orest. trag. 586. – λ) absol. (so daß der Gegenstand, dessen jmd. würdig ist, aus dem Zusammenhang zu ergänzen ist; vgl. Stürenburg Cic. Arch. 6. p. 57. Obbarius Hor. ep. 1, 7, 22): diligere non dignos, Cic.: omnes male a se laudatos esse, dignos indignosque, Liv.: honor dignis paratus, Vell.: dignus imperator, Iustin.: neque Caecinam dignum (sc. esse) tantae rei censorem, sei würdig, sich in einer so wichtigen Sache als Richter aufzuwerfen, Tac.: dignior heres, Hor.: interrogatus ab eo, an essent alii digniores, respondit etc., Suet.: quaerunt, quem imperii faciat heredem. Respondet: dignissimum, Iustin. – illud exemplum ab dignis et idoneis (Strafwürdigen u. Straffälligen) ad indignos et non idoneos (Unschuldige u. nicht Straffällige) transfertur, Sall. Cat. 51, 27. – u. nulla contumelia est, quam facit dignus, ein würdiger, ehrenwerter Mann od. (wie es Cicero sarkastisch nimmt) ein strafwürdiger Mann, Anton, bei Cic. Phil. 3, 22.
II) übtr., einer Person oder Sache würdig, wert = entsprechend, angemessen, geziemend, zukommend, verdient, konstr.: α) m. Abl.: munera dignissima Venere, Plaut.: tibi di dignum factis exitium duint! Ter.: tuis dignum factis feceris, ut amici inter nos simus, Ter.: fuit et fortunā et clementiā Caesaris dignum, quod (daß usw.) nemo ex iis, qui contra eum arma tulerant, ab eo iussuve eius interemptus est, Vell. 2, 87, 2: quid docto homine et amico dignum fuerit, scio, Cic. ad Att. 7, 18, 3: negotium non est dignum viribus nostris, Cic.: genus scripturae non satis dignum summorum virorum personis, Nep.: nihil negare, quod dono dignum esset, des Verschenkens wert war, lohnte, Sall. – venit tempus serius, quam dignum populo Rom. fuit, Cic. – neutr. plur. subst., te digna ut eveniant precor, Plaut. rud. 640: Varro digna illo ac vera de exitu eius ominatus est, Vell. 2, 71, 2. – β) m. Genet.: suscipe curam et cogitationem dignissimam tuae virtutis, Balb. b. Cic. ad Att. 8, 15. litt. A. § 1: adiecisse deos dignum Arsacidarum, Tac. ann. 15, 14: utque probae dignum est, Ov. trist. 4, 3, 57: dignus Alcidae labor, Sen. Herc. fur. 962: hominum dignae conscriptiones (Schriften), Interpr. Iren. 3, 21, 2. – γ) m. Dat.: quod huic maleficio dignum supplicium potest inveniri? Cornif. rhet. 4, 12: dignum exitum vitae ac moribus suis habuit, Treb. Poll. Claud. 5, 3: monumentum mihi facias dignum iuventuti meae, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 7457 (aber Cic. Verr. 2, 40 jetzt libidine). – δ) m. pro u. Abl.: an quicquam pro istis factis dignum te dici potest? Ter. Hec. 209: quidnam pro offensione hominum dignum eloqui possim, Cic. div. in Caec. 42: si digna poena pro factis eorum reperitur, Sall. Cat. 51, 8: quis potis est dignum pollenti pectore carmen condere pro rerum maiestate hisque repertis? Lucr. 5, 1: dignum praestabo me etiam pro laude merentis, Hor. ep., 1, 7, 24. – ε) m. erga u. Akk., memoria erga se dignissima, Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 1498. – ζ) m. ad (im Vergleich mit od. entsprechend) u. Akk., ad tuam formam illa una dignast, Plaut. mil. 968. – η) absol., wie ἄξιος u. würdig = der Sache angemessen, groß-, bedeutend genug, genügend, qui maeror dignus in tanta calamitate inveniri potest, Cic.: quibus si videretur digna causa, wenn sie genügenden Grund, begründete Ursache fänden, Liv. – praemia digna, Ov.: quid enim minus dignum, quam etc.? Cic. – dignum est ( wie ἄξιόν εστιν) = es ziemt sich, m. folg. Infin., quibus (auctoribus) dignius credi est, Liv. 8, 26, 6. – od. m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., huic homini dignumst divitias esse, et diu vitam dari, Plaut. mil. 723: quid enim minus dignum est, quam peius quicquam videri dedecore, flagitio, turpitudine? Cic. Tusc. 2, 14. – u. dignum (für schicklich) habeo od. arbitror m. folg. Infin., Plaut. merc. 116 u. 131. – u. dignum est m. folg. ut u. Konj., dignum esset, ut ex his officinis omnia opera perficerentur, Vitr. 2, 7, 4: non enim dignum fuit, ut quadrigae tyrannorum bono principi miscerentur, Vopisc. Prob. 24, 7. – od. ganz absol., ut dignum est (erat), Ter. u. Liv.: secus quam dignum est, Ter.: rem minus aegre quam dignum erat tulisse, Liv.: u. neque dignum (für schicklich) puto od. arbitror, Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 448). – neutr. pl. subst., ex mala conscientia digna (verdiente Strafe) timere, Sall. Iug. 62, 8: digna atque indigna od. (asyndet.) digna indigna (Verschuldetes u. Unverschuldetes) pati, Sen. ad Marc. 10, 6. Verg. Aen. 12, 811: digna atque indigna canere, Val. Flacc. 2, 115. – digna = Würden, haec duo digna regens, Ven. Fort. 10, 19, 4.
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12 aus
aus, I) Praepos.: 1) zur Bezeichnung des örtlichen Ausgehens und des Erkenntnisgrundes: ex. – de (von... her, von... ab). – ab (von... weg). – Nach den Verben, die mit ex od. de zusammengesetzt sind, steht zuw. auch bloß der Ablativ, z. B. egredi ex cubiculo u. bl. egredi cubiculo, exire e od. de vita u. bl. exire vitā – Dagegen stehen die Namen der Städte u. Dörfer und das Wort domus nach allen Verben der Bewegung im bl. Abl. (wenn nicht durch ab od. ex die Bewegung von... weg, von... her stärker hervorgehoben werden soll), z. B. egredi Romā, exire domo. – Ist die Präposition im Deutschen dem Namen einer Stadt etc. vorgesetzt, um die Abstammung einer Person aus derselben zu bezeichnen, so wird im Lat. gewöhnl. statt des Ortes mit der Präposition das Adjektiv desselben zur Person gesetzt, z. B. Lykurgus aus Sparta. Lycurgus Spartanus: Perikles aus Athen, Pericles Atheniensis. – 2) zur Angabe des Beweggrundes: ex. – ab (von wegen). – per (mittelbar durch, z. B. per avaritiam decipere). – propter. ob (wegen, aus Veranlassung, z. B. propter timorem: u. ob eam causam). – aus [242] Spott die Zunge herausstecken, linguam ab irrisu exserere: aus dieser od. derselben Ursache, ex ea od. eadem causa: aus welcher Ursache, qua de causa; qua de re. – Zuw. steht jedoch bloß der Ablat., z. B. aus Furcht, aus Haß, timore, odio. – Häufig aber der Abl. mit Partizipien, die den Beweggrund noch stärker hervorheben, z. B. aus Haß, ductus odio: aus Neigung zur Philosophie, philosophiae studio ductus: aus Scham, pudore adductus (von Scham bewogen); verecundiā deterritus (durch Sch. abgeschreckt): aus Furcht, metu coactus, permotus: aus Mitleid, captus misericordiā: aus Unpäßlichkeit. valetudine impeditus: aus Torheit, stultitiā occaecatus: aus Liebe zu ihm, coactus caritate eius: aus Liebe zur Gattin, amore coniugis victus. – Auch durch eine Wendung mit dem Verbum finit., z. B. aus Liebe zu dir wünschte ich, daß etc., me impulit caritas tui, ut vellem mit folg. Akk. u. Infin. – Zuw. durch den subj. Genet., z. B. Beschuldigung aus Neid, crimen invidiae. – 3) zur Angabe des Stoffs, aus dem etwas gemacht wirdod. besteht: ex, z. B. ein Halsband aus Gold u. Edelsteinen, monile ex auro ac gemmis. – aus einem Armen einen reichen Mann machen, locupletem ex egente efficere; egentem divitem facere. – aus nichts wird nichts, de nihilo nihil fit. – was soll aus ihm werden? quid illi od. illo od. de illo fiet? Doch ist zu bemerken: a) daß gew. noch ein Partizip wie factus, expressus im Lat. mit der Präposition verbunden wird, z. B. eine Statue aus Erz, statua ex aere facta: ein Bildnis aus Gold, simulacrum ex auro expressum. – b) daß statt des Substantivs mit der Präposition oft das Adjektiv des Stoffes steht, z. B. aus Gold, aureus: aus Silber, argenteus. – II) Adv., in Verbindungen mit Verben, s. die folg. Zusammensetzungen mit aus – weder aus noch ein wissen, s. wissen.
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13 golden
golden, aureus (eig. u. uneig.). – ex auro factus oder fabricatus (nur eig., aus Gold gemacht, z.B. simulacrum). – aureolus (meist uneig. = eximius, egregius, d.i. vortrefflich, z.B. Rede, Schrift). – eine g. Münze, s. Goldmünze: ein g. Gefäß, Geschirr (Goldgeschirr), vas aureum; auch bl. aurum (z.B. auro alqd excipere): g. Gefäße, g. Hausrat, auch bl. aurum (z.B. domus auro fulget: u. abacos complures ornavit auro argentoque caelato): ein g. Berg, s. Goldberg: das g. Zeitalter, aetas aurea; saeculum aureum: die g. Mittelstraße, aurea mediocritas: goldene Früchte tragen (uneig.), bonam frugem ferre: goldene Tage verleben, iucundissime vivere: goldene Worte geben, rogare blande et concinne: die goldenen Worte bei Plato. »wie etc.«, quae sunt apud Platonem nostrum scripta divinitus, »quales etc.«
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14 von
von, I) zur Angabe der Entfernung, des Ausgehens von einem Punkte in Raum und Zeit: ab. de. ex (ab »von, von seiten, ab«, bezeichnet die Entfernung von einem Gegenstand in horizontaler Richtung, de »von, herab«, in schiefer oder senkrechter Richtung, ex die Richtung aus dem Innern eines Gegenstandes heraus). – Bei vielen Verben und Adjektiven wird »von« nicht besonders ausgedrückt, sondern durch einen bloßen Kasus, meist durch den Ablat. bezeichnet, z.B. jmd. von der Strafe befreien, alqm poenā liberare: frei v. Schuld, liber culpā (doch auch liber od. vacuus a culpa). – Oder es wird der Akkus. von dem Verbum erfordert, z.B. von jmd. abfallen, alqm deserere (aber ab alqo deficere od. desciscere): keinen Laut van sich geben, nullam vocem emittere. – Bei Städtenamen steht der Ablat. ohne Präposition, z.B. von Rom nach Neapel reisen, Romā Neapolim proficisci (dagegen a Roma Neapolim proficisci aus der Umgegend von Rom). – Ebenso bei domus, wenn das Gebäude oder die Familie verstanden wird, z.B. von Hause weggehen, domo discedere (dagegen a domo discedere unmittelbar vom Hause aus). – von... zu, ab... usque ad (z.B. ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum); per mit Akk. (z.B. von Hand zu Hand, per manus); circa od. circum mit Akk. (z.B. Gesandte von einem benachbarten Volke zum andern schicken, legatos circa od. circum vicinas gentes mittere).
II) zur Angabe des Ursprungs, des Anfangs, der Ableitung: ex (aus). – de (von... weg). – inter (unter, aus der Mitte von etc.). – einer von vielen, unus ex od. de multis. – Ost durch den Genetiv, z.B. König von Macedonien, rex Macedoniae od. Macedonum: viele von den Menschen, multi hominum: keiner von ihnen, nullus eorum. – Mit einem Städtenamen durch das von dem Städtenamen abgeleitete [2582] Adjektiv, z.B. eine Bürgerin von Athen, civis Atheniensis: das Mädchen von Andros, Andria: Milo von Kroton, Milo Crotoniates. – Wenn durch die Präposition »von« der Stoff, woraus etwas gemacht ist, angegeben wird, so steht entweder bl. ex oder factus, expressus ex u. dgl., z.B. ein Becher von Gold, poculum ex auro; poculum ex auro factum: ein Bild von Gips, simulacrum e gypso expressum: oder die Lateiner gebrauchenein von dem zweiten Substantiv gebildetes Adjektiv, z.B. ein Becher von Gold, poculum aureum: eine Säule von Stein, columna lapidea. – Die Präposition darf sogar im Lateinischen nicht stehen, wenn von Dingen die Rede ist, die von Natur aus einem Stoffe bestehen, sondern der Stoff wird dann durch das Adjektiv oder durch den Genet. bezeichnet, z.B. Berge von Gold, montes aurei od. montes auri. – Wird durch die Präposition »von« die Beschaffenheit oder Eigenschaft eines Gegenstandes ausgedrückt, so steht der bloße Ablativ, wenn das Subjekt die Eigenschaft äußert, damit begabt erscheint, also nur nach Ansicht u. Urteil des Redenden sie besitzt oder nur für den vorliegenden Fall hat, z.B. ein Mädchen von schöner Gestalt; puella pulchrā formā. – Hingegen der Genetiv, wenn die Eigenschaft eine charakteristische, dem Subjekte eigentümliche und zu seinem Wesen gehörige ist. Es werden daher auch alle Bestimmungen eines Gegenstandes in Hinsicht auf körperliche Ausdehnung, Menge, Schwere, Dauer, Alter u. dgl. ausgedrückt durch den Genet., z.B. ein Graben von 15 Fuß, pedum quindecim fossa (sagt man aber: von 15 Fuß Breite, Tiefe, Höhe, so steht latus, altus mit Akk., z.B. fossa pedes quindecim lata, alta): ein Mann von aufgewecktem Geiste, homo fervidi ingenii. – ein Brief vom 13. Nov., litterae datae Idibus Novembribus.
III) zur Bezeichnung der Ursache, der Wirkung, die von einem Gegenstande ausgeht: a od. ab. – de (von... hinweg). – von jmd. geschickt werden, ab alqo mitti: von seinem Vermögen geben, de suis facultatibus dare: von. jmd. etwas lernen, ab alqo alqd discere.
IV) zur Bezeichnung des Gegenstandes, auf den sich eine Handlung bezieht: de. – super (über). Vgl. »über no. I, B, 4« die Beispiele. – von etwas schreiben, sprechen, de od. super alqa re scribere, dicere: was urteilst du von der Sache? quid censes de ea re?
V) im Deutschen dient »von« oft zur Bezeichnung von Genetivverhältnissen, wo dann im Latein. überall der Genetiv gesetzt wird, z.B. die Grundlage von allen Tugenden, fundamentum omnium virtutum: es ist kaum eine Spur von Korinth übrig geblieben, Corinthi vestigium vix relictum est.
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15 colloco
col-loco, āvī, ātum, āre (con u. loco), einem Ggstde. seinen Platz geben, seinen Platz anweisen, I) im allg., wo Platz nehmen lassen, wo ausstellen, niederstellen, niedersetzen, niederlegen, wo hinstellen, hinsetzen, hinlegen, im Zshg. auch bl. stellen, jetzen, legen, 1) eig.: a) übh.: α) lebl. Objj.: saxa atque materiam disponere collocareque, Quint. 7. praef. § 1: armamenta, an den Mastbaum hängen, Liv. 33, 48, 8: sidera (am Himmel), Cic. Tim. 30: lecticas, Cic. Phil. 5, 18. – m. dopp. Acc., eam materiam conversam ad hostem collocabat, Caes. b. G. 3, 29, 1. – m. Advv. wie? columnas neque recte neque e regione, Cic. ad Q. fr. 3, 1, 1. § 2: tabulas et signa propalam, Cic. de or. 1, 160: sellam curulem perverse, Suet. Galb. 18, 3. – m. Advv. wo? ubi tigna collocentur, Caes. b. c. 2, 10, 3. – m. in u. Akk.: in tabernam vasa et servos, Plaut. Men. 986. – m. in u. Abl., suo quidque in loco, Cic. de or. 1, 162: magni ponderis saxa et praeacutas trabes in muro, Caes. b. G. 2, 29, 3: trabes directas in solo, ibid. 7, 23, 1: tabulas bene pictas in bono lumine, Cic. Brut. 261: u. (im Bilde) benefacta in luce, nicht unter den Scheffel stellen, Cic. Tusc. 2, 64: alqd in conspectu quodam modo, Quint. 7, 1, 4. – m. a. Praepp., alqd ad ignem, Vitr. 1, 6, 2: onerarias naves ordine duplice ad ancoras, Suet. Cal. 19, 1: simulacrum Victoriae ante ipsam Minervam, Caes.————b. c. 3, 105, 2: fasces stramentorum ac virgultorum ante aciem, Hirt. b. G. 8, 15, 5: epistulam inter tuniculam ac strofium, Turpil. com. 197: lecticam pro tribunali, Suet. Aug. 33, 1: alqd iuxta sedentem hominem, Cels. 6, 9: super genua sua coxas alcis, Cels. 7, 26. no. 2: totas tunicas extra scrotum, Cels. 7, 21. no. 2: testiculum super ventrem cum duabus suis tunicis, Cels. 7, 19. – m. bl. Abl., oculos pennis, auf das Gefieder fetzen, Ov. met. 1, 723: similes notas quinto quoque loco, Cornif. rhet. 3, 31. – β) leb. Objj., sowohl aufstellen, eos (sie = ihre Statuen) in illo loco atque in rostris, Cic. Sest. 83. – als setzen, stellen, legen, sich setzen (legen, lagern) lassen, sitzen (liegen) lassen, puellulam, Catull. 61, 188: iubeo hominem tolli et conlocari et confoveri, Afran. com. 143 sq. – m. dopp. Acc., alqm aut pronum aut supinum, Cels. 8, 20. § 20. – m. in u. Akk. od. Abl., se in arborem, Plaut. aul. 706: alqm in ventrem, in latus, Cels. 7, 27; 8, 20: se in locum celsum, Acc. tr. 437: se in sedes regias, Liv. Andr. tr. 10: alqm in lectum, Ter. eun. 593 (gegen cod. B mit den übrigen Hdschrn.): alqm in lecto, Cels. 5, 26. no. 25: alqm in lecto suo, Cic. de rep. 1, 17: alqm in medio lecto, in imo lecto, Sen. de const. sap. 10, 2: alqm in conclavi, Cels. 7, 29: alqm in cubili, Cic. Tusc. 2, 39: hominem od. corpus in sedili, Cels. 8, 12 u. 15: alqm in loco tepido, Cels. 8, 4: alqm suis manibus in curru, Cic. Rosc.————Am. 98: cuius et parentis sui manibus in navi tuta ac fideli collocatus (gebracht), Cic. Planc. 97: corpus (Augusti) in vestibulo domus, niedersetzen (ausstellen), Suet. Aug. 100, 2: u. so reliquias eius in hortis Domitiae, Capit. Anton. Pius 5, 1. – m. a. Praepp., alqm super se, Suet. Aug. 43, 4: alqm super pulpitum, Suet. Cal. 54, 2: alqm infra se, Suet. Cal. 24, 1: alqm iuxta se latere dextro, Suet. Ner. 13, 2: alqm iuxta se in sella, Eutr. 4, 7: alqos circa se, Suet. Tit. 9, 2: u. (zugl. m. dopp. Acc.) alqm resupinum super subsellium aut lectum, Cels. 7, 26: alqm super id scamnum aut pronum aut supinum aut in latus, Cels. 8, 20. – m. bl. Abl. wo? hominem loco calido, Cels. 5, 27. no. 3: homo collocatur alto sedili, medicus autem humiliore adversus, Cels. 8, 10, 2. – m. Abl. wie? corpus alio quo modo collocatum est, Cels. 7, 18: tum is super duorum genua eodem modo collocatur, Cels. 7, 26. no. 2: collocari quoque membrum quod ictum est ratione certā debet, Cels. 5, 26. no. 28. – b) als milit. t. t., aufstellen, α) lebl. Objj.: impedimenta, Liv. 44, 37, 1: currus ita, ut etc., Caes. b. G. 4, 33, 2: impedimenta in tumulo quodam, Caes. b. G. 6, 8, 3: post eas (legiones) totius exercitus impedimenta, Caes. b. G. 2, 19, 3: naves Rhodias in dextro cornu, Auct. b. Alex. 14, 1: tormenta quibusdam locis contra facillimos descensus, aufpflanzen, Hirt. b. G. 8, 40, 4: u. so ballistas scorpionesque ante frontem————castrorum contra oppidum, Auct. b. Afr. 56, 2. – β) leb. Objj.: certa subsidia, Caes. b. G. 2, 22, 1: praesidia, Sall. Cat. 45, 2: aciem triplicem, Auct. b. Afr. 81, 1. – m. in u. Abl., praesidia in litore, Nep. Hann. 11, 4, od. in angustiis, Caes. b. c. 1, 65, 4: duas legiones et omnia auxilia in summo iugo, Caes. b. G. 1, 24, 2: equitem in utroque cornu, Frontin. 2, 3, 20: milites in muro custodiae causā, Caes. b. c. 1, 28, 3: insidias bipertito in silvis, Caes. b. G. 5, 32, 1: pedestres copias in convalle in insidiis, Caes. b. G. 3, 20, 4: in cella Concordiae armatos, latrones, sicarios, Cic. Phil. 5, 18. – m. a. Praepp., equitatum omnem ab lateribus extra fossam, Auct. b. Alex. 38, 3: alci insidias ante fundum suum, Cic. Mil. 27: in prima acie ante signa elephantos, Liv. 27, 48, 5: certos apud latera, Sall. hist. fr. inc. 53 (19): legionem in occulto citra flumen, Frontin. 1, 6, 2: copias in statione pro castris, Caes. b. G. 5, 15, 3: pro vallo legiones instructas, Hirt. b. G. 8, 15, 3: post terga peditum equitatum, Frontin. 2, 5, 37: legiones propius Armeniam, Tac. ann. 13, 7. – m. bl. Abl., eos eodem loco in acie (in Schl.), Caes. b. c. 2, 33, 4: armatos in praesidiis (auf milit. Posten) multis locis (an v. O.), Cic. Phil. 1, 25: certis locis cum ferro homines, Cic. Caecin. 41: quod quo loco collocati fuerant, non potuissent videre, Cic. Cael. 65. – m. Ang. gegen wen? cohortes legionarias quattuor advorsum pedites hostium, Sall.————Iug. 51, 3. – m. Ang. wozu? alqm ad hanc rem, Cic. Cael. 64: alqm ad Cn. Pompeium interimendum, Cic. Pis. 28; vgl. Cic. Mil. 18.2) übtr.: a) übh. wohin stellen, setzen, legen, multa in pectore suo conlocare oportet, er muß viele Dinge im Kopfe haben, Plaut. Pers. 8: vide, causam illorum superiore collocarit ne loco, Lucil. sat. 16, 97: res eae, quae agentur aut dicentur, suo loco collocandae, Cic. de off. 1, 142: in animis ego vestris omnes triumphos meos, omnia ornamenta honoris condi et collocari volo, wünsche ich treu bewahrt zu wissen, Cic. Cat. 3, 26: omnium longitudinum et brevitatum in sonis sicut acutarum graviumque vocum iudicium ipsa natura in auribus nostris collocavit, Cic. or. 173. – b) in einen Zustand, Verhältnis, in eine Lage bringen, versetzen, se in opus, Plaut. Vid. fr. 2, 20 St.: in otium, Plaut. merc. 553: alqm in soporem (in den Todesschlaf), Plaut. Amph. 304: rem alcis in tuto, sicher stellen, Ter. heaut. 689 u. 695: famam in tuto, Quint. 12, 11, 7: alqm in tuto, Cic. har. resp. 53. – c) etw. in etw. od. jmd. setzen, auf etw. od. jmd. bauen, beruhen lassen, non modo in causa, verum in aliquo honesto praesidio aut in alicuius eloquentia aut gratia spem aliquam, Cic. I. Verr. 9: in alqo magnam spem dignitatis suae, Cic. de or. 1, 25: spem salutis in fuga, Auct. b. Alex. 29, 5: omnes bene vivendi rationes in virtute, Cornif. rhet. 4, 24: omnia sunt colloca-————ta in usu cotidiano, in congressione hominum atque in foro, alles beruht auf usw., Cic. de or. 1, 192. – d) eine Zeit od. eine Tätigkeit auf etwas verwenden, gerichtet sein lassen, adulescentiam suam in amore atque in voluptatibus, Cic. Cael. 39: omne suum studium in doctrina et sapientia, Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 1, 10. § 29. – refl. se coll. in alqa re, sich auf etw. legen, einer Sache sich hingeben, totum se coll. in alqa re, sich in etw. vertiefen, palam sese in meretricia vita, Cic. Cael. 49: totum se in cognitione et scientia, Cic. de off. 1, 158: totum se in optimo vitae statu exquirendo, Cic. Tusc. 5, 2. – e) schriftl. anbringen, beibringen, de cuius moderatione atque sapientia in prioribus libris satis collocavi, Tac. ann. 6, 27.II) insbes.: 1) eig.: a) lebl. Objj.: α) in einer gewissen Ordnung aufstellen, aufrichten, errichten, anlegen, aufschlagen, statuam, Quint. 7. pr. § 2: signum (lovis), Cic. Cat. 3, 21: tu (Libertam deam) domi meae conlocasti, Cic. de domo 102: aedificia, Hermog. dig. 1, 1, 5: moenia, Vitr. 1, 5, 1: sedes ac domicilium, Cic. Verr. 2, 6. – m. Adv. (wo?), illa pars litoris, ubi iste castra luxuriae collocarat, Cic. Verr. 5, 96. – m. in u. Abl., tabernaculum sibi in campo Martio, Cic. Pis. 61: in ipso aditu atque ore portus tabernacula carbaseis velis intenta, Cic. Verr. 5, 30 u. (im Bilde) in una philosophia quasi tabernaculum vitae suae, Cic. de or. 3, 77. – m. a. Praepp.,————oppidum ad eius regionem et partem castrorum collocatum (gelegen), Auct. b. Afr. 68, 1: tribunal suum iuxta C. Trebonii, praetoris urbani, sellam, Caes. b. c. 3, 20, 1. – m. bl. Abl., castella locis idoneis, Auct. b. Alex. 61, 5. – β) eine Kleidung zurechtlegen, ordnen, chlamydem, ut pendeat apte, Ov. met. 2, 734. – γ) ein Glied einrichten, coxam parum apte, Plin. ep. 2, 1, 5: maxillam in sedem suam, Cels. 8, 7. – b) leb. Wesen: α) eine Pers. irgendwo einsetzen, einlegen, unterbringen, einquartieren, ihren Sitz (Wohnsitz) nehmen lassen od. anweisen, ansiedeln, wohin verlegen, versetzen, stationieren, comites eius apud ceteros hospites, Cic. II. Verr. 1, 63: se Athenis, sich niederlassen, Cic. de fin. 5, 2, 4: regem Ptolemaide aut aliquo propinquo loco, Cic. ep. 1, 7, 4: in eius tetrarchia unum ex Graecis comitibus suis, Cic. Phil. 2, 94: Herculem in concilio caelestium, Cic. de off. 3, 5, 25: alqm inter astra, Schol. Bern. ad Verg. georg. 1, 33. p. 848: inter sidera, Hyg. astr. 2, 4 u. 2, 13. Serv. Verg. Aen. 1, 28: inter astra caprae figurā memoriae causā, Hyg. astr. 2, 13: scherzh., strumae ab ore improbo demigrarunt et aliis iam se locis collocarunt (haben sich einlogiert, festgesetzt), Cic. Vat. 39. – Boios ibi, Caes. b. G. 7, 9, 6: Boios in finibus suis, Caes. b. G. 1, 28, 5: gentem Allobrogum in vestigiis huius urbis atque in cinere deflagrati imperii, Cic. Cat. 4, 12: Suebos in proximis Rheno agris, Suet.————Aug. 21: colonias idoneis in locis, Cic. agr. 2, 73: multitudinem in agris, Nep. Milt. 2, 1: Ubios super ipsam Rheni ripam, Tac. Germ. 28 extr.: quo bello XL captivorum milia ex Germania transtulit et supra Rhenum in Gallia collocavit, Eutr. 7, 9: veteranos municipalibus agris, Suet. Aug. 13, 3: im Bilde, Socrates philosophiam devocavit e caelo et in urbibus collocavit, Cic. Tusc. 5, 10. – als milit. t. t., wo stationieren, hinlegen, einquartieren, Quartier nehmen lassen, ibi praesidium, Caes. b. G. 1, 38, 7: ibi legiones XIV et VI, Hirt. b. G. 8, 4, 3: exercitum in provinciam, quae proxima est Numidiae hiemandi causā, Sall. Iug. 61, 2: quattuor legiones in Belgio, Hirt. b. G. 8, 46, 4: exercitum in hibernis, Caes. b. G. 5, 24, 1: exercitum in (bei) Aulercis Lexoviisque in hibernis, Caes. b. G. 3, 29, 3: legionem non longe a finibus Aeduorum in finibus Biturigum, Hirt. b. G. 8, 2, 1: Gaium Fabium legatum et L. Minucium Basilum cum legionibus duabus in Remis, Caes. b. G. 7, 70, 5: singulas cohortes Puteolis et Ostiae, Suet. Claud. 25, 2: classem Miseni, Suet. Aug. 49, 1. – β) jmd. in ein Besitztum einsetzen, einweisen, alqm in aedibus suis, Cic. de dom. 100: alqm in patrimonio suo, Cic. Phil. 13, 12: familiam suam in possessione praediorum eius, seine F. von ihren Gütern Besitz ergreifen lassen, Cic. Flacc. 72: alqm in maiorum suorum regno, Cic. de or. 3, 126. – 2) übtr.: a) in irgend eine————Stellung einsetzen, setzen, unter eine Klasse u. dgl. versetzen, alqm in amplissimo statu, Cornif. rhet. 4, 23: alqm hoc in gradu (dignitatis), Cic. Acad. 2, 16: alqm in amplissimo consilio et in altissimo gradu dignitatis, Cic. post red. in sen. 2: alqm in sede ac domo atque in re publica, jmdm. Haus u. Hof u. eine Stellung im Staate geben, Cic. parad. 3, 25: in quibus tuas virtutes consecratas et in deorum numero collocatas vides, in denen du deine Verdienste ganz vergöttert siehst, Cic. ad Q. fr. 1, 1, 10. § 31: m. dopp. Acc., quos centuriones pugnaces et lacer tosos (als streitsüchtige u. handfeste Z.) inter militorum et mimarum greges collocavit, Cic. Phil. 8, 26. – b) ein Mädchen als Frau, in den Ehestand einsetzen, anbringen, verheiraten, alqam in matrimonium, Cic. de div. 1, 104. Marc. dig. 23, 2, 19: alqam alci in matrimonium, Gaius inst. 2. § 235 u. 238: alqam in matrimonio, Scaevol. dig. 26, 1, 77 (79). § 1: alqam in matrimonio stabili et certo, Cic. Phil. 2, 44: virgines in amplissimarum familiarum matrimoniis, Cic. de rep. 1, 12: alqam nuptui, Hyg. fab. 257: alqam in dignam se condicionem, Plaut. trin. 159: alqam sine dote nuptum, Plaut. trin. 735: alqam nuptum intra legitimum tempus, Ulp. dig. 3, 2, 11. § 1: alqam alci nuptum, Paul. dig. 23, 2, 59: sororem ex matre et propinquas suas nuptum in alias civitates, Caes. b. G. 1, 18, 7: filiam minorem nuptum (al. nuptui) in dimidia parte re-————liqui agri, Col. 4, 3, 6: u. bl. coll. alcis filio filiam suam, Cic. Brut. 98: alci virginem filiam, Nep. Att. 19, 4: alci filiam, Tac. Agr. 9: alci uxorem suam, Suet. Caes. 21: matrem in Biturigibus homini nobilissimo, Caes. b. G. 1, 18, 6: u. bl. coll. filiam, Tac. ann. 4, 39. Iustin. 9, 6, 2; u. im Passiv, cum virgo amici nubilis propter paupertatem collocari non posset, Nep. Epam. 3, 5: ut filiae eius de communi aerario dotibus datis collocarentur, Nep. Arist. 3, 3. – c) lebl. Objj.: α) ( als t. t., der Geschäftsspr.) Geld usw. auf etw. (bes. auf Ländereien) anlegen, anbringen, unterbringen, in etw. stecken, dotem in eo fundo, Cic. Caecin. 11: duas patrimonii partes in solo, Suet. Tib. 48, 1: duas fenoris partes in agris per Italiam, Tac. ann. 6, 17: pecuniam in praediis c., Cic. Caecin. 16: pecunias levioribus usuris mutuatum graviore fenore c., Suet. Aug. 39: pecunias suas in emptiones praediorum, Gaius dig. 17, 1, 2. § 6: pecuniam idoneis nominibus, Marc. dig. 35, 2, 89: pecunias magnas collocatas habere in ea provincia (in dieser Pr.), Cic. de imp. Pomp. 18: nusquam posse eam (pecuniam) melius collocari, Cic. Caecin. 5, 15: u. bl. coll. pecuniam, Cic. de off. 2, 87: pecunias, Cic. de off. 2, 12, 42: pecunias publicas, Trai. in Plin. ep. 10, 55 (63). – dah. im weitern Sinne übh. auf etw. anlegen, verwenden, für etw. verbrauchen, miliens sestertium in munificentia (zu freigebigen Zwecken), Tac. ann. 6,————45: patrimonium in rei publicae salute, Cic. Phil. 3, 2, 3: bene apud alqm tam multa pretia ac munera, Cic. Verr. 5, 56: melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto, Cic. de off. 2, 70: male c. bonas horas, Mart. 1, 113, 3: in me recipio, te ea, quae fecisti Mescinii causā quaeque feceris, ita bene collocaturum, ut ipse iudices etc., Cic. ep. 13, 28, 3: aedilitas recte collocata, an den rechten Mann gebracht, Cic. Verr. 5, 37. – β) in die gehörige Stellung, Verbindung bringen, so u. so stellen, zusammenstellen, verbinden, anordnen, αα) als rhet. t. t. Worte, verba apte, Quint. 8. prooem. § 26: verba opportune proprieque aut secus, Quint. 10, 2, 13: fortius vero quî incompositum potest esse quam vinctum et bene collocatum? Quint. 9, 4, 6: male collocatum κακοσύνθετον vocant, Quint. 8, 3, 59: propria verba et ordine collocata, Quint. 9, 1, 7: verba diligenter collocata, Cic. or. 227: non modo ut sint ordine collocati (census), sed ut inter se iuncti etc., Quint. 7, 10, 16: est et in nominibus ex diverso collocatis sua gratia, Quint. 9, 3, 86: verba et eligendi et collocandi ratio, Quint. 10, 1, 4: ratio collocandi, Cic. part. or. 11: varii sunt ordines collocandi, Cic. part. or. 12: C. F. Quid sequitur igitur? CP. Cum inveneris, collocare, Cic. part. or. 9: verba collocata, die Worte in ihrer Verbindung zu Sätzen (Ggstz. verba singula), Cic. or. 81 u. 134. – ββ) bürgerl. u. polit. Zustände einrich-————ten, anordnen, Anordnungen treffen für usw., nuptias, Poëta com. bei Cic. de or. 3, 319: res, Caes. b. G. 3, 4, 1. Auct. b. Alex. 33, 6: rem militarem, Cic. ep. 2, 13, 3: civitatis statum, Cic. ep. ad Brut. 1, 15, 12. -
16 dignus
dignus, a, um, Adi. m. Compar. u. Superl. (für *dic- nus zu dico), durch seine Eigenschaften einer Sache od. Person würdig, wert, griech. ἄξιος, I) = etw. verdienend, zu etw. befähigt, befugt, berechtigt, v. Pers.u. Lebl., konstr.: α) m. Abl.: laude, Hor. u. Cic.: maioribus suis d., dignissimus, Cic.: dignus es verberibus multis, Plaut.: o hominem mille mortibus dignum! Sen. – v. Lebl., dignitas honesta et cultu et honore et verecundiā digna, Cic.: dignum memoriā, Cic. u.a.: dignum piaculo, Liv. – β) m. Genet.: salutis, Plaut. trin. 1153. – v. Lebl., quidquid putabit dignum esse memoriae, Phaedr. 4, 21 (23), 3 vulg. (L. Müller u.a. memoriā): haec de Gordiano iuniore digna memoratus comperimus, Capit. Gord. 21, 3 P. (Jordan memoratu): omnium reprehensionis dignissimus iudicarer, Sulp. Sev. vit. S. Mart. praef. § 1: Martinum episcopatus esse dignissimum, ibid. 9, 3. – γ) m. Dat.: dignus tibi, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 9080: haec sunt, quae digna memoratui aestimavimus, Vopisc. Prob. 24, 6. – δ) m. 2. Supin.: flumina memoratu digna, Plin.: dicta memoratu digna, Val. Max.: res dignae memoratu, Val. Max.: nihil dignum memoratu actum, Liv.: digna atque indigna relatu vociferans, Verg.: nihil usquam dictu dignum ausi, Liv.: alia digna miratu, Sen.: alia neque dictu neque auditu digna sunt, Gell.: nobis pleraque digna cognitu obvenere, Tac. –————ε) m. Acc. pronom. neutr.: non me censes scire quid dignus siem, Plaut.: di tibi omnes id, quod es dignus, duint, Ter.: si exoptem quantum dignus, tantum dent (di tibi), Plaut. – ζ) m. folg. Relativsatz: qui modeste paret, videtur qui aliquando imperet dignus esse, Cic.: nec vos digni estis, quos cum tanta gloria in castra reduces silentium ac nox tegat, Liv.: uti videant et investigent, ecqua virgo sit aut mulier digna, quamobrem ipse Lampsaci diutius commoraretur, Cic. – v. Lebl., Livianae fabulae non satis dignae sunt, quae iterum legantur, Cic.: magnum onus, sed dignum, in quo omnes nervos aetatis atque industriae contendas, Cic.: dignum est, quod observes, Sen.: dafür auch digna res est, ubi (= in qua) tu nervos intendas tuos, Ter. – η) m. folg. ut u. Konj.: non sum dignus prae te, ut figam palum in parietem, Plaut. mil. 1140: ut coniunx essem tua, digna videbar, Ov. rem. am. 275: si modo, quos ut socios haberes, dignos duxisti, haud indignos iudicas, quos in fidem receptos tuearis, Liv. 23, 42, 13: eras dignus, ut haberes integram manum, Quint. 8, 5, 12 (u. so m. ut auch Quint. 12, 11, 24). – v. Lebl., digna res visa est, ut simulacrum... pingi iuberet, Liv. 24, 16, 19. – θ) m. folg. Infin. (s. Frotscher Quint. 10, 1, 96. p. 87 u. 267): puer cantari dignus, Verg.: dignus alter eligi, alter eligere, Plin. pan.: sed non domus una digna perire fuit, Ov.: ut verbis illum, quibus laudari dignus est, laudem, Sen.: Horatius fere————solus legi dignus, Quint.: quae digna legi sint, Hor.: res quasi in quaestionem venire non dignae, Iul. Rufinian. – ι) m. folg. Acc. u. Infin.: dignos esse, qui armis cepissent, eorum urbem agrumque Bolanum esse, Liv. 4, 49, 11 (s. Weißenb. z. St.) – κ) m. ad u. Akk.: amicus, dignus huic ad imitandum, Cic. de rep. 1, 30: quos dignos ad id esse videbat, Lampr. Alex. Sev. 3, 5. – v. Lebl., nihil dignum ad memoriam nominis reliquisset, Dict. 1, 1: quae dignior hora ad scelus indignum? Orest. trag. 586. – λ) absol. (so daß der Gegenstand, dessen jmd. würdig ist, aus dem Zusammenhang zu ergänzen ist; vgl. Stürenburg Cic. Arch. 6. p. 57. Obbarius Hor. ep. 1, 7, 22): diligere non dignos, Cic.: omnes male a se laudatos esse, dignos indignosque, Liv.: honor dignis paratus, Vell.: dignus imperator, Iustin.: neque Caecinam dignum (sc. esse) tantae rei censorem, sei würdig, sich in einer so wichtigen Sache als Richter aufzuwerfen, Tac.: dignior heres, Hor.: interrogatus ab eo, an essent alii digniores, respondit etc., Suet.: quaerunt, quem imperii faciat heredem. Respondet: dignissimum, Iustin. – illud exemplum ab dignis et idoneis (Strafwürdigen u. Straffälligen) ad indignos et non idoneos (Unschuldige u. nicht Straffällige) transfertur, Sall. Cat. 51, 27. – u. nulla contumelia est, quam facit dignus, ein würdiger, ehrenwerter Mann od. (wie es Cicero sarkastisch nimmt) ein strafwürdiger Mann,————Anton, bei Cic. Phil. 3, 22.II) übtr., einer Person oder Sache würdig, wert = entsprechend, angemessen, geziemend, zukommend, verdient, konstr.: α) m. Abl.: munera dignissima Venere, Plaut.: tibi di dignum factis exitium duint! Ter.: tuis dignum factis feceris, ut amici inter nos simus, Ter.: fuit et fortunā et clementiā Caesaris dignum, quod (daß usw.) nemo ex iis, qui contra eum arma tulerant, ab eo iussuve eius interemptus est, Vell. 2, 87, 2: quid docto homine et amico dignum fuerit, scio, Cic. ad Att. 7, 18, 3: negotium non est dignum viribus nostris, Cic.: genus scripturae non satis dignum summorum virorum personis, Nep.: nihil negare, quod dono dignum esset, des Verschenkens wert war, lohnte, Sall. – venit tempus serius, quam dignum populo Rom. fuit, Cic. – neutr. plur. subst., te digna ut eveniant precor, Plaut. rud. 640: Varro digna illo ac vera de exitu eius ominatus est, Vell. 2, 71, 2. – β) m. Genet.: suscipe curam et cogitationem dignissimam tuae virtutis, Balb. b. Cic. ad Att. 8, 15. litt. A. § 1: adiecisse deos dignum Arsacidarum, Tac. ann. 15, 14: utque probae dignum est, Ov. trist. 4, 3, 57: dignus Alcidae labor, Sen. Herc. fur. 962: hominum dignae conscriptiones (Schriften), Interpr. Iren. 3, 21, 2. – γ) m. Dat.: quod huic maleficio dignum supplicium potest inveniri? Cornif. rhet. 4, 12: dignum exitum vitae ac moribus suis habuit,————Treb. Poll. Claud. 5, 3: monumentum mihi facias dignum iuventuti meae, Corp. inscr. Lat. 10, 7457 (aber Cic. Verr. 2, 40 jetzt libidine). – δ) m. pro u. Abl.: an quicquam pro istis factis dignum te dici potest? Ter. Hec. 209: quidnam pro offensione hominum dignum eloqui possim, Cic. div. in Caec. 42: si digna poena pro factis eorum reperitur, Sall. Cat. 51, 8: quis potis est dignum pollenti pectore carmen condere pro rerum maiestate hisque repertis? Lucr. 5, 1: dignum praestabo me etiam pro laude merentis, Hor. ep., 1, 7, 24. – ε) m. erga u. Akk., memoria erga se dignissima, Corp. inscr. Lat. 3, 1498. – ζ) m. ad (im Vergleich mit od. entsprechend) u. Akk., ad tuam formam illa una dignast, Plaut. mil. 968. – η) absol., wie ἄξιος u. würdig = der Sache angemessen, groß-, bedeutend genug, genügend, qui maeror dignus in tanta calamitate inveniri potest, Cic.: quibus si videretur digna causa, wenn sie genügenden Grund, begründete Ursache fänden, Liv. – praemia digna, Ov.: quid enim minus dignum, quam etc.? Cic. – dignum est ( wie ἄξιόν εστιν) = es ziemt sich, m. folg. Infin., quibus (auctoribus) dignius credi est, Liv. 8, 26, 6. – od. m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., huic homini dignumst divitias esse, et diu vitam dari, Plaut. mil. 723: quid enim minus dignum est, quam peius quicquam videri dedecore, flagitio, turpitudine? Cic. Tusc. 2, 14. – u. dignum (für schicklich) habeo od. arbitror m. folg.————Infin., Plaut. merc. 116 u. 131. – u. dignum est m. folg. ut u. Konj., dignum esset, ut ex his officinis omnia opera perficerentur, Vitr. 2, 7, 4: non enim dignum fuit, ut quadrigae tyrannorum bono principi miscerentur, Vopisc. Prob. 24, 7. – od. ganz absol., ut dignum est (erat), Ter. u. Liv.: secus quam dignum est, Ter.: rem minus aegre quam dignum erat tulisse, Liv.: u. neque dignum (für schicklich) puto od. arbitror, Plaut. (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 448). – neutr. pl. subst., ex mala conscientia digna (verdiente Strafe) timere, Sall. Iug. 62, 8: digna atque indigna od. (asyndet.) digna indigna (Verschuldetes u. Unverschuldetes) pati, Sen. ad Marc. 10, 6. Verg. Aen. 12, 811: digna atque indigna canere, Val. Flacc. 2, 115. – digna = Würden, haec duo digna regens, Ven. Fort. 10, 19, 4. -
17 religiōsus
religiōsus adj. with comp. and sup. [religio], conscientious, scrupulous, strict, precise, accurate: se praebere in testimonio religiosum: in testimoniis dicendis: Atticorum aures.— Religiously considerate, careful, anxious, scrupulous, superstitious: ut stultae et miserae omnes Religiosae, T.: fructum quia religiosum erat consumere, was a matter of religious scruple, L.: religiosum est, quod iurati legibus iudicarunt.— Full of religious feeling, reverent, pious, devout, religious: naturā: religiosissimi mortales, S.— Consecrated, holy, sacred: locus: mortuis religiosa iura tribuere: signum: Ceres religiosissima: religiosissimum simulacrum Iovis: mores.— Associated with religion, subject to religious claims, under religious liability, ill-omened: dies, of evil omen: dies ad iter, L.: domus.* * *Ireligiosa, religiosum ADJpious/devout/religious/scrupulous; supertitious; taboo; sacred; reverent/devoutIIreligious devotee; member of a religious order (Bee) -
18 ad
ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].I.As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.A.In space.1.Direction toward, to, toward, and first,a.Horizontally:b.fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,
the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:c.duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,
Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,
Ov. M. 7, 188:altitudo pertingit ad caelum,
Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):2.tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,
Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.The point or goal at which any thing arrives.a.Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):(α).ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,
Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:(β).ad Sullam adire,
id. ib. 25:ad se adferre,
id. Verr. 4, 50:reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,
id. ib. 5, 27:ad laborem adhortantur,
id. de Sen. 14:T. Vectium ad se arcessit,
id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):(γ).oratus sum venire ad te huc,
Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:eamus ad me,
Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:ancillas traduce huc ad vos,
id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,
id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,
Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:(δ).Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,
Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:in aedem Veneris,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;in aedem Concordiae,
Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,
to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:ad Opis,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:ad Castoris,
id. Quint. 17:ad Juturnae,
id. Clu. 101:ad Vestae,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:(ε).postea ad pistores dabo,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,
id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,
Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,
Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,
id. ib. 5, 3:velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,
id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,
in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,
Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,
Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:quae institueram, ad te mittam,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,
Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:(ζ).miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,
Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:ad Veios,
Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,
Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;or when it is joined with usque,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,
Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:(η).nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,
Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:ipse ad hostem vehitur,
Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:aliquem ad hostem ducere,
Tac. A. 2, 52:clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,
Verg. A. 2, 443:munio me ad haec tempora,
Cic. Fam. 9, 18:ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,
Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,
Cic. Off. 3, 24:remedium ad tertianam,
Petr. Sat. 18:munimen ad imbris,
Verg. G. 2, 352:farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,
Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,
Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:b.nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,
Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):3.via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,
Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,
Curt. 3, 9, 10:laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,
id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,
Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,vestis ad Seras peti,
id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:deverberasse usque ad necem,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:virgis ad necem caedi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):B.ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,
Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,
stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,
Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:astiterunt ad januam,
Vulg. Act. 10, 17:non adest ad exercitum,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:aderant ad spectaculum istud,
Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,
Lucr. 3, 959:quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,
at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:haec arma habere ad manum,
Quint. 12, 5, 1:dominum esse ad villam,
Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:errantem ad flumina,
Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!
Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),
Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,
among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,
Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:“Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”
Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:pons, qui erat ad Genavam,
Caes. B. G. 1, 7:ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:conchas ad Caietam legunt,
id. Or. 2, 6:ad forum esse,
to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:ad dextram,
Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:ad laevam,
Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:ad dextram... ad laevam,
Liv. 40, 6;and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,
at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:sepultus ad quintum lapidem,
Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.In time, analogous to the relations given in A.1.Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:2.domum reductus ad vesperum,
toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,
toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:3.ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:ad multam noctem,
Cic. de Sen. 14:Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,
id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,
id. Off. 2, 23, 82:bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,
id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,
Cic. Att. 7, 8:usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:C.praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,
at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,
on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:nostra ad diem dictam fient,
id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:ad id tempus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.The relations of number.1.An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):2.ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,
id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:quasi ad quadraginta minas,
as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,
id. Clu. 40, 110:ad hominum milia decem,
Caes. B. G. 1, 4:oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,
id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33:ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,
id. B. C. 3, 53:ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,
Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):D.ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,
even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,
to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:quid ad denarium solveretur,
Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,
Cic. Lael. 23:ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,
Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,
Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,
Cic. Fam. 10, 16:Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,
Verg. A. 5, 687.In the manifold relations of one object to another.1.That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.a.With verbs:b.ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,
in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,
id. ib. 5, 4, 1:nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,
that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:nil est ad nos,
is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:nil ad me attinet,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:nihil ad rem pertinet,
Cic. Caecin. 58;and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,
id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:Quid ad praetorem?
id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—With adjectives:c.ad has res perspicax,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:virum ad cetera egregium,
Liv. 37, 7, 15:auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,
Caes. B. G. 3, 25:ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,
id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:difficilis (res) ad credendum,
Lucr. 2, 1027:ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,
Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—With nouns:d.prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,
before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):mentis ad omnia caecitas,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,
id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:ad cetera paene gemelli,
Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,
Cic. Font. 6;facultas ad agendum,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;2.jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,
Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):3.columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,
Cic. Mur. 77:taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:ad amussim non est numerus,
Varr. 2, 1, 26:ad imaginem facere,
Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:ad cursus lunae describit annum,
Liv. 1, 19:omnia ad diem facta sunt,
Caes. B. G. 2, 5:Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,
id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:ad aequos flexus,
at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:turres ad altitudiem valli,
Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:ad eandem crassitudinem structi,
id. 44, 11:ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,
with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,
Suet. Ner. 31:lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,
Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:canere ad tibiam,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:in numerum ludere,
Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:ad unguem factus homo,
a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):ad istorum normam sapientes,
Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,ad simulacrum,
Liv. 40, 6:ad Punica ingenia,
id. 21, 22:ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,
Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:omnia fient ad verum,
Juv. 6, 324:quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,
Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:ad hunc modum institutus est,
id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:ad eundem istunc modum,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,
of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,
Lucr. 2, 281:ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,
to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,
id. Rab. Post. 21:aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,
Caes. B. C. 3, 51:rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26:rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,
id. Font. 36:ad vulgi opinionem,
id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:ad instar castrorum,
Just. 36, 3, 2:scoparum,
App. M. 9, p. 232:speculi,
id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:ad navis feratur,
like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:ad specus angustiac vallium,
like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.a.The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:b.cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,
Lucr. 3, 144:ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,
on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,(α).is done,(β).is designed, or,(γ). (α).Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):(β).venimus coctum ad nuptias,
in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,
id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,
in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,
for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,
Sall. C. 13, 4:ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,
Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,
for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:(γ).ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,
id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;(in the same sense: in rem,
Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,
Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:ad frena leones,
Verg. A. 10, 253:delecto ad naves milite,
marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:servos ad remum,
rowers, id. 34, 6; and:servos ad militiam emendos,
id. 22, 61, 2:comparasti ad lecticam homines,
Cat. 10, 16:Lygdamus ad cyathos,
Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:puer ad cyathum statuetur,
Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:4.haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,
id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:causa ad objurgandum,
id. And. 1, 1, 123:argumentum ad scribendum,
Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,
Cato R. R. 125:nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,
Cic. Brut. 24:reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,
Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:homines ad hanc rem idoneos,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,
id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,
id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:homo ad nullam rem utilis,
id. Off. 3, 6:ad segetes ingeniosus ager,
Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:E.ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:terra ad universi caeli complexum,
compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,
Liv. 22, 22, 15:at nihil ad nostram hanc,
nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.Adverbial phrases with ad.1.Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:2.ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,
Liv. 35, 32, 4.—Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:3.nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,
Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,
Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):4.ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,
Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—Ad tempus.a.At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—b.At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—c.For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—d.According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—5.Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).a.For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—b.At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—6.Ad locum, on the spot:7.ut ad locum miles esset paratus,
Liv. 27, 27, 2.—Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—8.Ad summam.a. b. 9.Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.a. (α).Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:(β).missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,
Liv. 21, 8, 10.—Of time = telos de, at last, finally:(γ).ibi ad postremum cedit miles,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;b.ad extremum agere cum dignitate,
Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:10.consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,
id. 28, 28, 8.—Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—11.Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.► a.Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:b.traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:c.quam ad,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,
Cic. N. D. 2, 4:ripam ad Araxis,
Tac. Ann. 12, 51;or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,
id. ib. 12, 8.—The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).II.In composition.A.Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—B.Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.1.Local.a. b.At, by: astare, adesse.—c. d.Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—2.Fig.a.To: adjudico, adsentior.—b.At or on: admiror, adludo.—c.Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—d.Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—e.Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—f.Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134. -
19 consacratus
consē̆cro (written CONSACRO in Monum. Ancyr. 2, 28; 4, 25; Inscr. Orell. 618 al.; v. infra, P. a.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [sacro], to dedicate, devote something as sacred to a deity (class., esp. in prose).I.Lit.A.In gen.(α).With dat.:(β).candelabrum dare, donare, dicare, consecrare Jovi Optimo Maximo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 29, § 67:manubias Martis Musis,
id. Arch. 11, 27:totam Siciliam Cereri et Liberae,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:aedem Tonanti Jovi,
Suet. Aug. 29:tres gladios Marti Ultori,
id. Calig. 24:locum castrorum Neptuno ac Marti,
id. Aug. 18:barbam Capitolio,
id. Ner. 12: hunc lucum tibi (with dedico), * Cat. 18, 1 al.—Without dat.:B.quia consecrabantur aedes, non privatorum domicilia, sed quae sacra nominantur, consecrabantur agri... ut imperator agros de hostibus captos consecraret,
Cic. Dom. 49, 128:aram,
id. ib. 55, 140; 53, 137; id. Har. Resp. 5, 9:video etiam consecrata simulacra,
id. N. D. 3, 24, 61:locum certis circa terminis,
Liv. 1, 44, 4:lucos ac nemora,
Tac. G. 9 fin.:agrum Campanum,
Suet. Caes. 20:eam partem domūs,
id. Aug. 5:simulacrum in parte aedium,
id. Galb. 4 al.:locus consecratus,
a consecrated, holy place, Caes. B. G. 6, 13; 6, 17 al.;opp. profanus,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36:tuum caput sanguine hoc,
Liv. 3, 48, 6:Gracchi bona,
id. 43, 16, 10:veterem Carthaginem nudatam tectis ac moenibus,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—In partic.1.Of persons, to elevate to the rank of deity, to place among the gods, to deify:2.Liberum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; 3, 15, 39; id. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Tac. A. 13, 14; Suet. Tib. 51; id. Ner. 9; id. Calig. 35; * Hor. C. 4, 8, 27 al.:Olympiadem matrem immortalitati,
Curt. 9, 6, 26; 10, 5, 30.—And of animals: videat... cujusque generis beluas numero consecratas deorum, Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 14.—To devote or doom to destruction, to execrate, in laws, vows, and oaths, Cic. Balb. 14, 33 (v. consecratio, II.):3.caput alicujus,
Liv. 3, 48, 5; Plin. Pan. 64, 3.—And an old formula in declaring war:Dis pater, Vejovis, manes... exercitum hostium, urbes agrosque, capita aetatesque eorum devotas consecratasque habeatis,
Macr. S. 3, 9, 10. —To surrender to the vengeance of any one:II.esse (se) jam consecratum Miloni,
Cic. Har. Resp. 4, 7.—Trop. (most freq. in Cic.).A.In gen., to devote, dedicate, consecrate.(α).With dat.:(β).qui certis quibusdam sententiis quasi addicti et consecrati sunt,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5:(corporis curandi) ars deorum immortalium inventioni consecrata,
id. ib. 3, 1, 1.—Absol.:B.cui patriae nos totos dedere et in quā nostra omnia ponere et quasi consecrare debemus,
to lay upon the altar of one's country, Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5; cf.:consecrare opinionem in illo sanctissimo Hercule,
id. Sest. 68, 143:vocabula,
Quint. 1, 6, 41:Herculem modo et Patrem Liberum Consecratae immortalitatis exempla referebas,
i. e. adduced as instances of deification, Curt. 8, 5, 16.—To hallow, recognize as holy (eccl. Lat.):C.sit Deus nobis non in templis sed in corde consecratus, Lact. de Ira Dei, 23, 28: secum habeat Deum semper in corde consecratum, quoniam ipse est Dei templum,
id. 6, 25, 15:Deum in nostro pectore,
Min. Fel. Oct. 32, 2.—To make immortal, immortalize:ratio disputandi (sc. Socratis) Platonis memoriā et litteris consecrata,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:amplissimis monumentis consecrare memoriam nominis tui,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 44:orator cum jam secretus et consecratus, liber invidiā, famam in tuto collocarit,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:beneficium elegantissimo carmine,
Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 3. —Hence, consē̆crātus ( -sā̆cr-), a, um, P. a., consecrated, holy; in sup.: CONSACRATISSIMVS, Inscr. ap. Bellerm. Vig. Rom. Laterc. p. 72, n. 283. -
20 consecratus
consē̆cro (written CONSACRO in Monum. Ancyr. 2, 28; 4, 25; Inscr. Orell. 618 al.; v. infra, P. a.), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [sacro], to dedicate, devote something as sacred to a deity (class., esp. in prose).I.Lit.A.In gen.(α).With dat.:(β).candelabrum dare, donare, dicare, consecrare Jovi Optimo Maximo,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 29, § 67:manubias Martis Musis,
id. Arch. 11, 27:totam Siciliam Cereri et Liberae,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106:aedem Tonanti Jovi,
Suet. Aug. 29:tres gladios Marti Ultori,
id. Calig. 24:locum castrorum Neptuno ac Marti,
id. Aug. 18:barbam Capitolio,
id. Ner. 12: hunc lucum tibi (with dedico), * Cat. 18, 1 al.—Without dat.:B.quia consecrabantur aedes, non privatorum domicilia, sed quae sacra nominantur, consecrabantur agri... ut imperator agros de hostibus captos consecraret,
Cic. Dom. 49, 128:aram,
id. ib. 55, 140; 53, 137; id. Har. Resp. 5, 9:video etiam consecrata simulacra,
id. N. D. 3, 24, 61:locum certis circa terminis,
Liv. 1, 44, 4:lucos ac nemora,
Tac. G. 9 fin.:agrum Campanum,
Suet. Caes. 20:eam partem domūs,
id. Aug. 5:simulacrum in parte aedium,
id. Galb. 4 al.:locus consecratus,
a consecrated, holy place, Caes. B. G. 6, 13; 6, 17 al.;opp. profanus,
Cic. Part. Or. 10, 36:tuum caput sanguine hoc,
Liv. 3, 48, 6:Gracchi bona,
id. 43, 16, 10:veterem Carthaginem nudatam tectis ac moenibus,
Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5.—In partic.1.Of persons, to elevate to the rank of deity, to place among the gods, to deify:2.Liberum,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62; 3, 15, 39; id. Leg. 2, 11, 28; Tac. A. 13, 14; Suet. Tib. 51; id. Ner. 9; id. Calig. 35; * Hor. C. 4, 8, 27 al.:Olympiadem matrem immortalitati,
Curt. 9, 6, 26; 10, 5, 30.—And of animals: videat... cujusque generis beluas numero consecratas deorum, Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 14.—To devote or doom to destruction, to execrate, in laws, vows, and oaths, Cic. Balb. 14, 33 (v. consecratio, II.):3.caput alicujus,
Liv. 3, 48, 5; Plin. Pan. 64, 3.—And an old formula in declaring war:Dis pater, Vejovis, manes... exercitum hostium, urbes agrosque, capita aetatesque eorum devotas consecratasque habeatis,
Macr. S. 3, 9, 10. —To surrender to the vengeance of any one:II.esse (se) jam consecratum Miloni,
Cic. Har. Resp. 4, 7.—Trop. (most freq. in Cic.).A.In gen., to devote, dedicate, consecrate.(α).With dat.:(β).qui certis quibusdam sententiis quasi addicti et consecrati sunt,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 5:(corporis curandi) ars deorum immortalium inventioni consecrata,
id. ib. 3, 1, 1.—Absol.:B.cui patriae nos totos dedere et in quā nostra omnia ponere et quasi consecrare debemus,
to lay upon the altar of one's country, Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 5; cf.:consecrare opinionem in illo sanctissimo Hercule,
id. Sest. 68, 143:vocabula,
Quint. 1, 6, 41:Herculem modo et Patrem Liberum Consecratae immortalitatis exempla referebas,
i. e. adduced as instances of deification, Curt. 8, 5, 16.—To hallow, recognize as holy (eccl. Lat.):C.sit Deus nobis non in templis sed in corde consecratus, Lact. de Ira Dei, 23, 28: secum habeat Deum semper in corde consecratum, quoniam ipse est Dei templum,
id. 6, 25, 15:Deum in nostro pectore,
Min. Fel. Oct. 32, 2.—To make immortal, immortalize:ratio disputandi (sc. Socratis) Platonis memoriā et litteris consecrata,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 4, 11:amplissimis monumentis consecrare memoriam nominis tui,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 15, § 44:orator cum jam secretus et consecratus, liber invidiā, famam in tuto collocarit,
Quint. 12, 11, 7:beneficium elegantissimo carmine,
Val. Max. 1, 7, ext. 3. —Hence, consē̆crātus ( -sā̆cr-), a, um, P. a., consecrated, holy; in sup.: CONSACRATISSIMVS, Inscr. ap. Bellerm. Vig. Rom. Laterc. p. 72, n. 283.
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См. также в других словарях:
PESCENNIANA Domus — apud Ael. Spartian. in Pescennio Nigro, c. 12. Domus eius hodie Romae visitur, in campo Iovis, quae appellatur Pescenniana: in qua simulacrum eius in trichoro etc. Ubi tamen Excerpta Spartiani, Palatinus liber et vetus Editio legunt, Pescenniani … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
JUPITER — Opis et Saturni fil. in Creta ins. eodem cum Iunone partu editus, et in Ida monte a Curetibus educatus, idque clam patre, qui ex pactione cum Titano fratre initâ, filios suos omnes devorabat. Cum autem in virum adolevisser, cognovislerque etiam… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
CERES — Saturni et Opis filia, frugum inventrix, et cultûs terae. Virg. l. 1. Georg. v. 147. Prima Ceres ferrô mortales vertere terram Instituit: cum iam glandes atque arbuta sacrae Deficerent silvae, et victum Dodona negaret. Ex qua Iuppiter Proserpinam … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
VESTA — Saturni filia ex Ope, testibus Diodor. Siculô et Apollodorô, secundum Q Fabium Victorem Iani uxor: quamquam a Poetis non raro pro terra sumitur, sive quod omnibus terrâ vestiatur, sive quod vi sua stet. Ovid. l. 6. Fast. . 299. Stat vi Terra suâ; … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
FASTIGIUM — in Glossis ἀέτωμα, Gallis Feste, unde Festagium etc. Omnia enim aedificiorum tecta, apud Vett. aut erant plana, aut fastigata: et quidem in Graecia, Asia, et toto pene Oriente, aedium privatatum tecta plana fiebant; aedes vero sacrae culmen, et… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
NUPTIAE — a nubendo, quod nova Nupta seu Sponsa flammeô obnupta seu obvelata ad Sponsum olim deducebatur, Alias Matrimonium, Coniugium etc. erat viri et mulieris coniunctio legitima, vitae societatem continens, Ioh. Rosin. Antiqq. Rom. l. 9. c. 3. Quod… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
BAAL-PEOR sive BELPHEGOR — BAAL PEOR, sive BELPHEGOR cui initiatos Israelitas scribit Moses Numer. c. 25. v. 3. 5. Constat (inquit Seldenus de Dîs Syris Syntagm. l. c. 5.) Moabitarum et Medianitarum fuisse hoc numen, atque idem quod c. eôdem v. 18. etc. c. 31. v. 16. Peor… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
IMAGINES — I. IMAGINES in Gentilium religione multi usûs, qui tamen non apud omnes eorum semper viguit. Nam fuêre, qui urcumque Numina colentes varia, aut Solem saltem sub variis nominibus, neque atas, neque statuas Imag insque ullas eorum hab uêre, nec… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
TEMPLARII — Haeretici in Solymorum civitate A. C. 1030. post interitum Philippi Augusti, quia frequenter in templis versabantur, sic dicti. Simulacrum habebant factum summô artificiô, cui hominis cutem superinduxerant, et binos praefulgentes carbunculos sub… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
FOEMINA — an a mollitie feminis vel femoris, ut Scalig. vult Ling. Lat. c. 79. an a fetu, quem sc. concipit, parit, educat; aut plenius a fetu minando, i. e. ducendo dicta, non minus, ac melior sexus, Deum auctorem habet, e costa formata viri: adeoqueve… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
NOBILES — apud Romanos dicti sunt, qui Maiorum suorum habuêre imagines. Est autem imago docente Polybiô l. 6. insignis alicuius Viri simulacrum, oris similitudinem artificlose effictam, coloribus pigmentisque adumbratam, referens, quod in insigniori ac… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
